93-3-436
Straight-backed in her neat, feminine clothes, Ms Estemirova looked like the history teacher she once was and probably would have remained, had it not been for Chechnya's two wars. She would have preferred a normal life but when war burst upon her, she responded with the compassion and resolve which were once the hallmarks of the Russian intelligentsia. In the words of Anna Akhmatova's "Requiem",

Not under foreign skies
Nor under foreign wings protected?
I shared all this with my own people
There, where misfortune had abandoned us.
A year ago, Ms Estemirova gave an interview to a sociologist. She spoke for many hours about her life and fate in the small Caucasus republic that has shaped much of what has happened in Russia since the end of the Soviet Union. This document is a reflection of the best and the worst sides of Russia.
She was born in 1959 into a working family in the Urals and came to Chechnya when she was 19. Her father was Chechen, her mother Russian. Two things stuck in her memory from the period before 1991: lies and empty shelves. In the hierarchy of the Soviet empire, Chechnya was a backwater. Despite being an oil-producing republic, it was extremely poor. People travelled to Russia proper for sausages and seasonal odd jobs. The truth was in equally short supply. Everyone in the republic had memories of Stalin's deportation of the entire Chechen people in 1944. The official silence over these events only inflamed feelings.

A. 어휘
straight-backed 등을 꼿꼿이 하고. neat 단정한, 깔끔한.
feminine 여자의, 여자다운. prefer 選好(선호)하다. compassion 연민, 동정.
resolve 決意(결의), 決斷(결단). hallmark 품질증명. intelligentsia 지식계급.
requiem 鎭魂曲(진혼곡). abandon 버리다, 포기하다. republic 공화국.
reflection 반영, 반사. the Urals 우랄지방, 우랄산맥.
stick-stuck-stuck 붙이다, 고착시키다, 찔러 넣다. empty shelves 상점의 텅 빈 선반.
hierarchy 분류단계, 계급제도(조직). backwater 침체 된 곳, 停滯(정체).
Russia proper 러시아 본토. odd jobs 임시 일자리. deportation 추방.
inflame 불을 붙이다.

B. 구문
- Ms Estemirova looked like . . . had it not been for Chechnya󰡑s two wars.
cf. 가정법과거완료: 과거사실의 반대의 경우를 가정.
→if+S+had+p.p..., S+과거조동사(would, could...)+have+p.p
cf. had it not been for=if it had not been for (...이 없었더라면)
cf. the history teacher she once was→the history teacher that she once was.
[Estemirova 부인은 이전의 역사선생처럼 보였으며 두 번의 Chechnya 전쟁이 없었더라면 그녀는 여전히 역사선생으로 남아 있었을 것이다.]

93-4-437
"The protest [against the deportation] was particularly acute in my generation: those who were young and did not experience it themselves, but felt extreme pain for our relatives who survived it and those who died." Chechens felt little obligation to the Soviet state. "[They] tried to live autonomously…It was bad to steal from one's neighbour, but it was considered normal to steal from the state."
Yet separatist and even nationalist feelings were weak. Grozny, the capital of Chechnya, was a predominantly Russian city. The Chechen language and culture were suppressed. Ms Estemirova did not speak Chechen fluently. "My motherland was first and foremost the Soviet Union."
The collapse of the Soviet Union brought a revolution to Chechnya. Ms Estemirova had little sympathy with separatist self-rule and was quick to see through the nationalist rhetoric of General Jokhar Dudayev, who came to power in 1991. "I saw who supported Dudayev: people who earned money from seasonal work around the Soviet Union and lost out economically when the union collapsed… Many used the slogans of fighting for independence as a cover for personal gain."

A. 어휘
deportation 국외추방. acute 심한, 격렬한, 예리한. relative 친척.
obligation 의무, 의리, 은혜. autonomously 자치적으로. separatist 분리주의자.
nationalist 민족주의자. predominantly 현저하게, 우세하게.
suppress 금지하다, 억압하다. fluently 유창하게. collapse 崩壞(붕괴).
sympathy 共感(공감), 동정. see through 꿰뚫어보다. rhetoric 논리. general 장군.
come to power 권력을 잡다. the union 소련을 의미.