113-3-521
This was the wheat that swept India in its 󰡒Green Revolution󰡓, raising yields from 12m tonnes in 1965 to 20m by 1970, causing the country to run out of jute bags to carry it, carts and railcars to transport it, and places to store it that made Pakistan self-sufficient in wheat by 1968 that almost doubled yields even in Sudan, on the edge of the Sahel. The famines and huge mortality that had been predicted for the second half of the 20th century never came to pass. More food led not to more births, but fewer, as the better-fed had smaller families. Global grain production outpaced population growth, and Mr Borlaug won the Nobel peace prize in 1970 for saving hundreds of millions of lives.
Greens attacked him, saying his new varieties used too much water and costly chemical fertiliser his link with DuPont was noted. They complained that traditional farming was disrupted and diversity replaced by monoculture. Mr Borlaug called them naysayers and elitists, who had never known hunger but thought, for the health of the planet, that the poor should go without good food. Higher yields, he pointed out, saved marginal land and forest from farming. Inorganic fertiliser just replaced natural nutrients, and more efficiently than manure. As for cross-breeding, Mother Nature had done it first, cross-pollinating different wild grasses until they produced a grain that could eventually expand into modern bread.

A. 어휘
wheat 밀. yields 생산량. run out of 부족하게 되다. jute 黃麻(황마).
railcar 엔진이 달린 철도차량. self-sufficient 자급자족하는.
the Sahel 사하라 사막 주변의 대평원. famine 饑饉(기근).
mortality 사망자수, 사망률. predict 예상하다.
the better-fed 배부르게 잘 먹을 수 있는 사람들. grain 곡물.
hundreds of millions of lives 수억 명의 목숨. greens 환경단체 사람들.
varieties 변종. chemical fertiliser 화학비료. note 주목하다.
traditional farming 전통적 영농. disrupt 혼란에 빠트리다, 붕괴하다.
diversity 다양성. replace 대체하다. monoculture 單式農法(단식농법), 單作(단작).
naysayer 반대하는 사람. marginal land 한계 농토(생산성이 극히 낮은 농토).
inorganic 無機物(무기물)의. inorganic fertiliser 화학비료.
nutrient 영양분. manure 거름(인분과 풀을 섞어서 만든 것).
cross-breeding 異種交配(이종교배). Mother Nature 자연의 擬人化(의인화).
cross-pollinating 交雜受粉(교잡수분). expand 발전하다, 확장하다.

B. 구문
- More food led not to . . . the better-fed had smaller families.
[잘 먹는 사람들이 더 작은 規模(규모)의 가족을 가짐에 따라 더 많은 식량은 더 많은 출산이 아니라 더 적은 출산의 결과를 가져왔다.]
- Mr Borlaug called them naysayers . . . the poor should go without good food.
[Mr Borlaug 는 그들을 반대를 위해 반대하는 사람들이며 배고픔을 전혀 모르며 지구의 건강을 위해서 가난한 사람들은 굶어야 한다고 생각하는 엘리트들이라고 불렀다.]

113-4-522
The ticking clock
Genetic engineering of plants greatly excited him. The risks, he said, were rubbish, unproven by science, while the potential benefits were endless. The transfer of useful characteristics might now take weeks, rather than decades. More lives would be saved. The gene for rust-resistance in rice, for example, might be put into all other cereals. He hoped he might live to see it.
Meanwhile what he called the 󰡒Population Monster󰡓 was breathing down his neck, or rather ticking, like Captain Hook󰡑s crocodile. Every second brought two more people, crying to be fed. By 2050, he wrote in 2005, the world would need to double its food supply. Some 800m were malnourished as it was. Mr Borlaug loved to talk of reaching for the stars, but his day-to-day motto was an earthly one. Get the plough. Start growing now.

A. 어휘
tick 시계가 똑딱똑딱 소리를 내다. genetic engineering 유전공학.
rubbish 부질없는 생각, 시시한 생각, 쓰레기. unproven 증명되지 않은.
potential benefit 잠재적 이득. transfer 이동, 移轉(이전).
rust-resistance 綠病(녹병)에 대한 저항력. cereal 곡물을 생산하는 식물.
monster 괴물.
Captain Hook󰡑s crocodile: 소설 “피터 팬”에 나오는 괘종시계를 삼킨 악어. 악어는 해적선장 Hook 잡아먹기 위해 시계소리를 내며 선장의 뒤를 쫓는다.
feed-fed-fed 먹이다. malnourished 영양실조의.
as it was 실제로는, 實狀(실상)은. plough 쟁기.

B. 구문
- He hoped he might live to see it.
cf. live to see=live and see
[살아서 그것을 볼 수 있기를 바란다.]