121-5-565
More than that, the reforms brought discipline to the government's finances. Both federal and state governments now have to live within their means. A requirement to run a primary surplus (before interest payments on the public debt) was introduced in 1999, and the federal government has hit the target for it every year since, though there is a good chance that it will miss it this year. This has allowed Brazil to get rid of most of the dollar-denominated foreign debt that caused such instability every time the economy wobbled. Now international creditors trust the government to honour its commitments. Moody's, a rating agency, elevated Brazil's government paper in September to investment grade just as the governments of many richer countries fretted about being able to meet their obligations.
Yet growth still proved elusive. It took a buoyant world economy and a surge in commodity prices to procure it. Although Brazil's economy is still relatively closed (trade accounted for a modest 24% of GDP in 2008, less than 60 years earlier), its growth is closely correlated with commodity prices, the Chinese economy, the Baltic Dry index and other measures of global trade. But at last in 2006 GDP outpaced inflation for the first time in over 50 years.
A. ¾îÈÖ
reform °³Çõ. discipline ±ÔÀ², ÈÆ·Ã, ´Ü·Ã. federal ¿¬¹æ.
means ¼öÀÔ, Àç»ê, ¼ö´Ü. requirement ¿ä±¸, ÇÊ¿äÁ¶°Ç, ÀÚ°Ý.
primary surplus 1Â÷ À׿©±Ý(Àܾ×). public debt Íëóð(°øÃ¤).
get rid of Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Ù. dollar-denominated ´Þ·¯°¡ Áö¹è(Á¿ì)ÇÏ´Â.
instability ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤. wobble ºñƲ°Å¸®´Ù. creditor ä±ÇÀÚ.
commitments Àǹ«, °ø¾à. rating agency µî±ÞÆò°¡È¸»ç.
government paper Á¤ºÎ¹ßÇàÀ¯°¡Áõ±Ç. investment grade ÅõÀÚµî±Þ.
fret ¾ÖÅ¿ì´Ù, ÃÊÁ¶ÇÏ´Ù. obligations 乫, Àǹ«.
elusive ºÙÀâ±â ¾î·Á¿î, ´Þ¾Æ³ª±â ½¬¿î. buoyant ¹°¿¡ ¶ß±â ½¬¿î, ºÎ·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â.
surge Å« ÆÄµµ, µ¿¿ä. commodity »óǰ, ÀÏ¿ëǰ. procure ȹµæÇÏ´Ù.
relatively »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î. account for Ã¥ÀÓÀ» Áö´Ù. modest ¼ö¼öÇÑ, Àû´çÇÑ.
correlated »ó°ü°ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Â. Baltic Dry index ¼±¹Ú¿îÀÓ ò¦â¦(Áö¼ö).
measures ±âÁØ, ôµµ. outpace ¾ÕÁö¸£´Ù.
B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
±× º¸´Ù ´õÇØ¼, °³ÇõÁ¶Ä¡´Â Á¤ºÎÀçÁ¤¿î¿ë¿¡ ±ÔÀ²À» °¡Á®¿Ô´Ù. ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ¿Í ñ¶(ÁÖ)Á¤ºÎ´Â ¼¼ÀÔ ¹üÀ§ ¾È¿¡¼ »ì¸²À» »ì¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 1Â÷ À׿©±Ý(°øÃ¤ÀÌÀÚÁöºÒÀüÀÇ ±Ý¾×) ¿î¿ë¿ä°ÇÀÌ 1999³â¿¡ µµÀԵǾúÀ¸¸ç ¿¬¹æÁ¤ºÎ´Â ±× ÀÌÈÄ·Î ÇØ¸¶´Ù, ºñ·Ï ±Ý³â¿¡´Â ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ³õÄ¥ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ôÁö¸¸, ¿ä°ÇÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ ´Þ¼ºÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ °æÁ¦°¡ ºñƲ°Å¸± ¶§¸¶´Ù Å©³ªÅ« °æÁ¦ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀÌ µÇ¾ú´ø ´Þ·¯À§ÁÖÀÇ ¿Ü並 û»êÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦´Â ±¹Á¦ ä±ÇÀÚµéÀº ºê¶óÁúÁ¤ºÎ°¡ °ø¾àÀ» Á¸ÁßÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ï°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ½Å¿ëµî±ÞÆò°¡È¸»çÀÎ Moodys´Â Áö³ 9¿ù ¸¹Àº ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ³ª¶óÀÇ Á¤ºÎ°¡ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ¼öÇàÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¾Ö¸¦ Å¿ì°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§¿¡ ºê¶óÁú Á¤ºÎÀÇ °øÃ¤¸¦ ÅõÀÚ°¡´É µî±ÞÀ¸·Î ̫߾(°Ý»ó)ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±×·±µ¥µµ °æÁ¦¼ºÀåÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ´Þ¾Æ³ª±â ½¬¿î °ÍÀ¸·Î ÆÇ¸íµÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼ºÀåÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇϱâ À§Çؼ ¼¼°è°æÁ¦ÀÇ Ý©åÀ(ºÎ¾ç)°ú »óǰ°¡°ÝÀÇ ÀλóÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ºñ·Ï ºê¶óÁúÀÇ °æÁ¦´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ Æó¼âÀûÀÌÁö¸¸ (±¹³»ÃÑ»ý»ê¿¡¼ ¹«¿ªÀÇ ºñÁßÀº 60³â Àü º¸´Ù ´õ ³·Àº 24%ÀÌ´Ù), ºê¶óÁúÀÇ °æÁ¦¼ºÀåÀº »óǰ°¡°Ý°ú Áß±¹°æÁ¦¿Í ¼±¹Ú¿îÀÓÁö¼ö ¹× ¼¼°è¹«¿ªÀÇ æ®öâ(¿©Å¸)ÁöÇ¥¿Í ¹ÐÁ¢ÇÑ »ó°ü°ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¶Ä§³» 2006³â GDP´Â 50³â ¸¸¿¡ óÀ½À¸·Î ÀÎÇ÷¹À̼ÇÀ» ¾ÕÁú·¶´Ù.
ÇÑ´«¿¡ º¸´Â
º£½ºÆ® ±â»ç
- 1 Çѵ¿ÈÆÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû »ç¸í°ú Áö¹æ¼±°ÅÀÇ ÀǹÌ
- 2 5¿ù31ÀÏÀº ±èÀϼº ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ÆíÁö ¾´ ³¯
- 3 À°»ç(ëÁÞÍ)°¡ ¹Ì¿ì¸é À°»ç¸¸ ÆóÁöÇ϶ó
- 4 ¿Ö ¸»¸®´Â »ç¶÷±îÁö ÈæÈ(ýÙûù)Çϴ°¡?
- 5 ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ÀúÁúµé¿¡°Ô Áö¹è´çÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Çö½Ç
- 6 ³ëÀε鿡°Ô ȸÀü¿îµ¿À» ºÎÃß±â´Ù´Ï
- 7 çïá¦ý³(¿À¼¼ÈÆ) ¼¿ï½ÃÀåÀÇ ½Â¸®´Â ¿øÄ¢°ú Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ½Â¸®´Ù
- 8 ¼¿ï½Ã¹ÎÀº ÀÌÀç¸í Á¤±ÇÀ» ½ÉÆÇÇß½À´Ï´Ù
- 9 ³²ÇÑ ºÎÀΰúÀÇ ÀÌÈ¥ µ¿±â(ÔÑѦ) - '±×³É ½È¾î¼'
- 10 ±èÁøÀº Àú½Â¿¡¼ Çѵ¿ÈÆÀ» ÀÀ¿øÇϰí ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù!












