The parable of the sower ¨í

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The company's acquisitions have been crucial in creating the horizontal and vertical integration that support its platforms in cotton, corn and soyabeans. Last year its share of the markets for GM corn and soyabeans was about 65% and that for GM cotton about 45%. The institute's paper argues that, thanks to its dominance, Monsanto is actually harming innovation in seed. Monsanto had to make concessions to win the antitrust authorities' approval for two of its biggest purchases, of DeKalb in 1998 and of Delta and Pine Land in 2007.
True, for the past 13 years Monsanto has been licensing its technology broadly, to hundreds of firms, including some of its main competitors. This, the paper concedes, has ensured that Monsanto has not ended up in "control of large, totally closed platforms in transgenic seed that could be challenged only by the unlikely emergence of rival platforms." However, it cites Monsanto's reputation for defending its intellectual property fiercely through the courts as another reason why the antitrust authorities should take a look at the firm.
Monsanto's terms of business require farmers to buy fresh seed every year. Its new Violator Exclusion Policy denies farmers who break the terms of its licences access to all its technology for ever. This summer it achieved its latest success in enforcing its stern line when it won a case against some Canadian farmers who had held on to seed.
Agricultural markets have been mentioned as an area under review by officials in the antitrust division of the Department of Justice. The DoJ is expected to make Google its main target, but it will be no surprise if Monsanto comes a close second. Already, the DoJ is looking into complaints by DuPont, perhaps Monsanto's fiercest rival. In May Monsanto sued DuPont, alleging that Pioneer, DuPont's seed arm, had broken licensing terms for herbicide-resistant technology in corn and soyabeans. After an ugly war of words, DuPont countersued and complained to the DoJ.

A. ¾îÈÖ
acquisition Ãëµæ, ±¸ÀÔ. crucial °áÁ¤ÀûÀÎ, ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ.
horizontal ¼öÆòÀûÀÎ. vertical ¼öÁ÷ÀûÀÎ. integration ÅëÇÕ, À¶ÇÕ, îÝÝÂ(ÀûºÐ).
platform Ç÷§Æû, °­·É, ±Ùº»¹æÄ§. institute ¿¬±¸¼Ò. thanks to ... ¶§¹®¿¡.
dominance Áö¹è, ¿ì¼¼. innovation Çõ½Å. concession ¾çº¸, À̱Ç.
authorities ´ç±¹. approval ½ÂÀÎ. concede ãÀìã(½ÃÀÎ)ÇÏ´Ù.
ensure º¸ÁõÇÏ´Ù. end up ³¡³ª´Ù, Á¾·áÇÏ´Ù.
transgenic seed À¯ÀüÀÚ ÀÌ½Ä Á¾ÀÚ. emergence ÃâÇö.
cite ¿¹·Î µé´Ù, ìÚñû(ÀÎÁõ)ÇÏ´Ù, ¹ýÁ¤À¸·Î ¼ÒȯÇÏ´Ù.
intellectual property ÁöÀû Àç»ê. fiercely ¸Í·ÄÇϰÔ. terms °è¾àÁ¶°Ç, ÇùÁ¤, ±ÔÁ¤.
violator À§¹ÝÀÚ. exclusion ÛÉð¶(¹èÁ¦), ¹èô. access Á¢±Ù.
for ever ¿µ¿øÈ÷. enforce °­Á¦ÇÏ´Ù, ÁýÇàÇÏ´Ù. stern line ¾ö°ÝÇÑ ³ë¼±.
case ¼Ò¼Û»ç°Ç. agricultural ³ó¾÷ÀÇ. mention ¾ð±ÞÇÏ´Ù.
under review Á¶»ç ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â, °ËÅäÇϰí ÀÖ´Â. held on to Àâ°í ³õÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
official °ü¸®, ȸ»ç¿ø. division ÏÑ(±¹), Ý»(ºÎ).
Department of Justice ¹ý¹«ºÎDoJ). complaint ͱáÍ(°í¼Ò), ºÒÆò, ºñ³­.
fierce °Ý·ÄÇÑ, ¹«½Ã¹«½ÃÇÑ, ÀÜÀÎÇÑ. sue °í¼ÒÇÏ´Ù.
allege ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Ù. licensing terms ¸éÇã°è¾à. herbicide-resistant ù÷(Ç×) Á¦ÃÊÁ¦.
countersue ¸Â°í¼ÒÇÏ´Ù.

B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
Monsanto°¡ ȸ»ç¸¦ ÀμöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸éÈ­¿Í ¿Á¼ö¼ö¿Í ÓÞÔç(´ëµÎ)¿¡ À־ Ç÷§ÆûÀ» ÁöÅÊÇÏ´Â µ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¼öÁ÷Àû-¼öÆòÀû ÅëÇÕÀÇ Ã¢Á¶¿¡ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÏ¿´´Ù. À۳⿡ ȸ»çÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ º¯Çü ¿Á¼ö¼ö¿Í ´ëµÎÀÇ ½ÃÀå Á¡À¯À²Àº 65%À̾ú°í À¯ÀüÀÚ º¯Çü ¸éÈ­ÀÇ Á¡À¯À²Àº ¾à 45% À̾ú´Ù. Úã Æ®·¯½ºÆ® ¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ º¸°í¼­´Â Monsanto´Â Þäá§(»ç¼¼)ÀÇ ¿ì¼¼ ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÛ¹°Á¾ÀÚ Çõ½Å¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÇØ¸¦ ³¢Ä¡°í ÀÖ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù. Monsanto´Â ȸ»çÀÇ ÃÖ´ë ȸ»çÀμöÀÎ 1998³âÀÇ DeKalb¿Í 2007³âÀÇ Delta ¹× Pine LandÀÇ ±¸¸Å¿¡¼­ Úã Æ®·¯½ºÆ® ´ç±¹ÀÇ ½ÂÀÎÀ» ¹Þ±â À§ÇÏ¿© ¸¹Àº ¾çº¸¸¦ ÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
½ÇÁ¦·Î, Áö³­ 13³â µ¿¾È Monsanto´Â ÁÖ¿ä °æÀïȸ»ç¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¼ö¹éÀÇ È¸»ç¿¡ ±â¼úÀ» ¸éÇãÇØ ÁÖ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ °æÀïȸ»ç Ç÷§ÆûÀÇ ÃâÇöÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÒ Á¤µµ·Î Monsanto°¡ À¯ÀüÀÚ ÀÌ½Ä Á¾ÀÚÀÇ Ç÷§ÆûÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Æó¼âÀûÀ¸·Î Áö¹èÇÏ´Â °á°ú´Â °¡Á®¿ÀÁö ¾Ê°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù°í º¸°í¼­´Â È®½ÅÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª º¸°í¼­´Â Úã Æ®·¯½ºÆ®´ç±¹ÀÌ Monsanto¸¦ ÁÖ½ÃÇØ¾ßµÇ´Â ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î ¹ýÁ¤À» ÅëÇØ¼­ ÁöÀûÀç»ê±ÇÀ» ¹«ÀÚºñÇÏ°Ô ¹æ¾îÇÏ´Â MonsantoÀÇ ¸í¼ºÀ» ¿¹·Î µç´Ù.
MonsantoÀÇ °è¾àÁ¶°ÇÀº ³óºÎµéÀÌ ¸Å³â »õ·ÎÀÌ Á¾ÀÚ¸¦ ±¸¸ÅÇÒ °ÍÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ȸ»çÀÇ ¡®À§¹ÝÀÚ ¹èôÁ¤Ã¥¡¯Àº ¸éÇãÁ¶°ÇÀ» À§¹ÝÇÑ ³óºÎ¿¡°Ô´Â ȸ»çÀÇ ¸ðµç ±â¼ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¢±ÙÀ» ¿µ±¸È÷ °ÅÀýÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾îÀÖ´Ù. ±Ý³â ¿©¸§, Á¾ÀÚ»ç¿ëÀ» °è¼ÓÇϱ⸦ °íÁýÇϴ ij³ª´Ù ³óºÎµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼Ò¼Û¿¡¼­ À̰åÀ» ¶§ Monsanto´Â ¾ö°ÝÇÑ ³ë¼±ÀÇ °­Çà¿¡¼­ ¼º°øÀ» °ÅµÎ¾ú´Ù.
¹ý¹«ºÎ Úã Æ®·¯½ºÆ® ÏÑ(±¹) °ü¸®µéÀÌ ³ó¾÷½ÃÀåÀ» Á¡°ËÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀüÇØÁ³´Ù. ¹ý¹«´Â GoogleÀ» ÁÖµÈ Ç¥ÀûÀ¸·Î »ïÀ» °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÇÁö¸¸ Monsanto°¡ µÎ ¹øÂ° °¡±î¿î Ç¥ÀûÀÌ µÈ´ÙÇÏ¿©µµ ³î¶ö ÀÏÀº ¾Æ´Ò °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ¹Ì ¹ý¹«ºÎ´Â MonsantoÀÇ ÃÖ´ëÀÇ Àû¼öÀÎ DuPontÀÇ °í¹ßÀ» Á¶»çÁßÀÌ´Ù. Monsanto´Â 5¿ù¿¡ DuPontÀÇ Á¾ÀÚ ÀÚȸ»çÀÎ Pioneer°¡ ¿Á¼ö¼ö¿Í ÄáÀÇ ù÷(Ç×) Á¦ÃÊÁ¦ ±â¼ú ¸éÇã°è¾àÀ» À§¹ÝÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇϸç DuPontÀ» °í¼ÒÇÏ¿´´Ù. Çè¾ÇÇÑ ¸»ÀÇ ÀüÀï ÈÄ¿¡, DuPont ¸Â°í¼Ò¸¦ ÇÏ¸ç ¹ý¹«ºÎ¿¡ °í¹ßÀåÀ» Á¦ÃâÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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