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It became a fourth branch of government, an industry and a circus. In the 1980s and 1990s the number of ballot initiatives soared, as tycoons from Silicon Valley and Hollywood, or special interests such as public-sector unions, threw millions of dollars into campaigns, paying college students a dollar or more for each signature they collected, blanketing the airwaves with demagogic attack ads and pestering residents with robo-calls at suppertime. The initiatives became longer-the longest rambled on for 15,633 words-and, with double negatives and impenetrable legalese, less comprehensible.
Ironically enough, Southern Pacific, now itself just another interest group, bankrolled an initiative in 1990 to issue billions in bonds to support rail transport. Even elected representatives, such as Arnold Schwarzenegger, the governor of California, often make use of initiatives nowadays instead of working with the legislature. Mr George wonders whether the voter initiative has now "become the tool of the very types of special interests it was intended to control, and an impediment to the effective functioning of a true democratic process."
The bringer of gridlock
Direct democracy in this form contributes to dysfunction. California currently has America's worst budget problems, but other states with extensive direct democracy, such as its neighbours Arizona and Oregon (which has had more initiatives than even California), are close behind. In Oregon it will be voters who decide, in January, for or against a tax increase to help plug the latest budget hole.
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´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¿ª¼³ÀûÀ̰Եµ, ÀÌÁ¦´Â ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÁý´ÜÀÌ µÈ Southern PacificöµµÈ¸»ç´Â 1990³â¿¡ öµµ¼ö¼Û Áö¿øÀ» À§ÇÑ ¼ö ½Ê¾ï ´Þ·¯ÀÇ Ã¤±ÇÀ» ¹ßÇàÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ±¹¹Î¹ßÀÇ¿¡ ÀÚ±ÝÀ» Áö¿øÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ͏®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ ÁÖÁö»çÀÎ Arnold Schwarzenegger°°Àº ¼±Ãâ´ëÇ¥µéµµ ÀÔ¹ýÀÇȸ¿Í ÀÏÀ» ÇÏ´Â °Í ´ë½Å¿¡ Á¾Á¾ ±¹¹Î¹ßÀǸ¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. Mr George´Â ±¹¹Î¹ßÀÇ´Â ÀÌÁ¦ ¡°±×°ÍÀÌ ¿ø·¡ ÅëÁ¦ÇÏ·Á°í ÀǵµÇÏ¿´´ø Ưº° ÀÌÀÍÁý´ÜÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÃß±¸ÀÇ µµ±¸°¡ µÇ¾ú°Å³ª ¶Ç´Â ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀû ¹æ¹ýÀÇ È¿°úÀûÀÎ ÀÛµ¿¿¡ Àå¾Ö¹°ÀÌ µÇÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´ÂÁö ±Ã±ÝÇØÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
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