127-4-593
Those budget holes often result from the cumulative consequences of voter initiatives as much as from economic slowdown. Since the 1970s voters have tended to like initiatives that promise better schools, new hospitals or tougher prison terms, but they are oblivious to the costs involved. At the same time, they loathe taxes and in many states they have insisted, by voter initiative, that two-thirds majorities are needed to raise them.
Robert Stern, the president of the non-partisan Centre for Governmental Studies in Los Angeles (and a drafter of initiatives since the 1970s), believes that direct democracy cannot and should not be ditched wholesale. Despite everything, "most Californians have more confidence in the initiative process than in the legislative process," he says. That is a result of increasing polarisation between the two big parties, which has led to blocked and unresponsive legislatures and so bred a yearning to circumvent them.
But Mr Stern, like Mr George, believes that the process must be improved and supports the idea of a constitutional convention in California for that purpose. There are far too many initiatives because the signature-collection process is trivially easy for those with money (though daunting for those without it). There must be clearer and more accessible information for voters. And in California the legislature should be allowed at least to amend all initiatives, which it currently cannot. Its citizens should remember that they have a republic, if they can keep it.
A. ¾îÈÖ
cumulative ÒéîÝ(´©Àû)µÈ. voter initiatives ÅõÇ¥ÀÚ(±¹¹Î)¹ßÀÇ.
slowdown ÊõáÜ(°¨¼Ó). prison terms úýÑ¢(Çü±â).
oblivious Àß Àؾî¹ö¸®´Â, ¸ÛÇÑ. loathe ¸÷½Ã ½È¾îÇÏ´Ù.
non-partisan õ±ÓÚ(ÃÊ´ç)ÀûÀÎ, ´çÆÄÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ. drafter õ®äÐ(ÃʾÈ) ÀÛ¼ºÀÚ.
ditch ¹ö¸®´Ù, óºÐÇÏ´Ù, ÇØÀÚ·Î µÎ¸£´Ù, µµ¶ûÀ» ÆÄ´Ù.
wholesale µµ¸Å·Î. confidence ½Å·Ú. process ¹æ¹ý, ó¸®, ÀýÂ÷.
legislative ÀÔ¹ýÀÇ, ÀÔ¹ýºÎÀÇ. polarisation ÝÂпûù(ºÐ±ØÈ), ºÐ¿, ø¶ÎÃ(Æí±¤).
blocked ºÀ¼âµÈ. unresponsive ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¾ø´Â, Ø©ì¼ÔÔù¦(¸¶À̵¿Ç³)ÀÇ.
breed-bred-bred ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Ù, å©ÑÃ(¾ß±â)ÇÏ´Ù, ³º´Ù.
yearning ÔÓÌÕ(µ¿°æ), ¿¸Á. circumvent Æ÷À§ÇÏ´Ù, ìéñ²(ÀÏÁÖ)ÇÏ´Ù.
constitutional convention Çå¹ýȸÀÇ.
signature-collection process ¼¸í ¼öÁý°úÁ¤(ÀýÂ÷).
trivially »ç¼ÒÇϰÔ, ÇÏÂú°Ô. daunt ±â¸¦ Á×ÀÌ´Ù, À§¾ÐÇÏ´Ù.
accessible Á¢±ÙÇϱ⠽¬¿î. amend ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù.
B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
±×·± ¿¹»ê ±¸¸Û(ºÎÁ·)Àº °æÁ¦ºÒȲ »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ±¹¹Î¹ßÀÇÀÇ ´©ÀûÀûÀÎ °á°ú ¶§¹®¿¡ »ý±ä´Ù.
1970³â´ë ÀÌÈÄ·Î À¯±ÇÀÚµéÀº ÁÁÀº Çб³, »õ·Î¿î º´¿ø, º¸´Ù ¾ö°ÝÇÑ úýÑ¢(Çü±â)¡´°¡¼®¹æÀ̳ª ÜÁà·(º¸¼®)ÀÇ ¾ïÁ¦¡µ¸¦ ¾à¼ÓÇÏ´Â ±¹¹Î¹ßÀǸ¦ ¾ÖÈ£ÇØ ¿ÔÁö¸¸ ±×µéÀº °ü·Ãºñ¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼´Â Àß Àؾî¹ö¸°´Ù. µ¿½Ã¿¡ À¯±ÇÀÚµéÀº ¼¼±ÝÀ» ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ½È¾îÇÏ¿©, ¸¹Àº ñ¶¿¡¼´Â ±¹¹Î¹ßÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¿© Áõ¼¼¸¦ À§Çؼ´Â ÀÇȸÀÇ¿øÀÇ 2/3 ÀÌ»óÀÇ ´Ù¼ö¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Los Angeles¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÃÊ´çÀûÀÎ Centre for Governmental StudiesÀÇ È¸ÀåÀÎ Robert Stern(±×¸®°í ±×´Â 1970³â´ë ÀÌÈÄ·Î ±¹¹Î¹ßÀÇÀÇ ÃʾÈÀÛ¼ºÀÚ¿´´Ù)Àº Á÷Á¢¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ´Â ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÆóÁöÇÒ ¼ö µµ ¾ø°í ÆóÁöÇØ¼µµ ¾È µÈ´Ù°í ¹Ï´Â´Ù. Á÷Á¢¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç ÀÏ¿¡µµ ºÒ±¸Çϰí, ¡°´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Ä¶¸®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÇȸÀÇ ÀÔ¹ý ¹æ¹ýº¸´Ù ±¹¹Î¹ßÀÇÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ½Å·ÚÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ±×´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº µÎ Å« Á¤´ç(¹ÎÁÖ´ç°ú °øÈ´ç)»çÀÌÀÇ Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ºÐ±ØÈ(ŸÇù°ú ¼ÒÅëÀÇ ´ÜÀý)°¡ ³ºÀº °á°úÀ̸ç À̰ÍÀº ºÀ¼âµÇ°í ¹ÝÀÀÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÀÔ¹ý±â°ü¡´ñ¶ ÀÇȸ¡µ¸¦ ³º¾Ò°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÇȸ¸¦ ¹«½ÃÇÏ·Á´Â °¥¸ÁÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´Ù.
±×·¯³ª Mr SternÀº Mr Georgeó·³ Á÷Á¢¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ½ÇÇà¹æ¹ýÀº °³¼±µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¹Ï°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç À̸¦ À§Çؼ ͏®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ Çå¹ýȸÀǸ¦ °³ÃÖÇÏÀÚ´Â ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ ÁöÁöÇÑ´Ù.
¼¸í ȹµæ°úÁ¤ÀÌ µ·ÀÌ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ½±±â ¶§¹®¿¡¡´µ· ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô´Â ³Ê¹«³ª ÈûµéÁö¸¸¡µ±¹¹Î¹ßÀǰ¡ ³Ê¹« ¸¹°Ô µÈ´Ù. À¯±ÇÀÚ¸¦ À§ÇÑ º¸´Ù ¼±¸íÇϰí Á¢±ÙÀÌ ´õ ¿ëÀÌÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ͏®Æ÷´Ï¾Æ¿¡¼´Â ÀÇȸ°¡ Àû¾îµµ ±¹¹Î¹ßÀǸ¦ ¼öÁ¤Àº ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çã¿ëµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Áö±ÝÀº ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ͏®Æ÷´Ï¾ÆÀÇ ½Ã¹ÎµéÀº °øÈ±¹À» °¡Áö°í -±×µéÀÌ °øÈ±¹À» À¯Áö ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é -ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ±â¾ïÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.¡´°øÈ±¹Àº Á÷Á¢¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ´ëÇ¥Àڵ鿡 ÀÇÇØ¼ ÅëÄ¡µÇ´Â ³ª¶óÀÌ´Ù.¡µ
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