Socrates in America ¨ë

128-5-598
Socrates as talk-show host
But Socrates also sought out those whom he saw peddling the skills of eristic conversation. These were the travelling teachers who charged wealthy fathers to teach their sons the tools of power, the 󰡒sophists󰡓 such as Protagoras or Thrasymachus. And there were the rhetoricians. Socrates manoeuvred the most famous of them, Gorgias, into admitting that the aim of rhetoric is 󰡒rule over others in one󰡑s city󰡓. Gorgias even boasted that a master rhetorician unqualified in medicine could get himself elected as surgeon general over a qualified doctor who is not rhetorically gifted. In America today, Socrates would recognise sophists and rhetoricians in partisan spin doctors such as Karl Rove and David Axelrod or equally in talk-show hosts such as Sean Hannity and Keith Olbermann.
Using his irony, Socrates would make them feel overconfident, draw them out and then, through his questioning, expose their confusion and ignorance. Often this was done for the benefit of an impressionable young student who was listening. Because such conversations had to be bespoke for the participating individuals, Socrates refused ever to write anything down. As he said in the 󰡒Phaedrus󰡓, text remains dumb when questioned and will be understood or misunderstood depending on who is reading it.
The trouble was that, although his students, including Plato and Xenophon, who passed on Socrates󰡑s conversations for posterity, saw him as noble, much of Athens did not. Instead, many Athenians detected an underlying arrogance in Socratic irony. Socrates thus resembled, say, the wiser-than-thou and often manipulative comedian-commentators Jon Stewart and Stephen Colbert in today󰡑s America. Those who agreed with him found him funny and enlightening. The rest found him merely condescending.

A. ¾îÈÖ
host ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü ÓßÓÈ(´ë´ã)ÇÁ·ÎÀÇ »çȸÀÚ. peddle ÆÈ°í ´Ù´Ï´Ù.
eristic ³íÀïÀûÀÎ. charge ŸÀ̸£´Ù, ¸í·ÉÇÏ´Ù.
rhetorician ¼ö»çÇÐÀÚ, °úÀåµÈ Ç¥ÇöÀÇ ¿¬»ç(ÀÛ°¡), ¿õº¯°¡.
manoeuvre Ã¥·«À¸·Î ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Ù, ±³¹¦È÷ Á¶Á¾ÇÏ´Ù.
sophist ±Ëº¯°¡, ±Ëº¯ÇÐÀÚ, ¼ÒÇǽºÆ®. boast ÀÚ¶ûÇÏ´Ù.
unqualified ÀÚ°ÝÀÌ ¾ø´Â. surgeon general °øÁßÀ§»ýÀå°ü.
gifted Àç´ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Â. partisan ´çÆÄÀûÀÎ. spin doctor Á¤Ä¡Âü¸ð.
irony ÚãåÞÛö(¹Ý¾î¹ý), dzÀÚ, ºñ²¿´Â °Í. overconfident ÀÚ¸¸½ÉÀÇ, ÀڽаúÀ×ÀÇ.
draw out Á¦¸Ú´ë·Î Áö²¬ÀÌ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, ²Ò¾î¼­ ¸»ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù.
expose ³ëÃâ½ÃŰ´Ù. for the benefit of ...À» À§Çؼ­.
impressionable °¨¼ö¼ºÀÌ °­ÇÑ. bespeak-bespoke-bespoke ÁغñÇÏ´Ù, ¹Ì¸® ºÎŹÇÏ´Ù.
participate Âü¿©ÇÏ´Ù. text ¿ø¹®, ê«îð(¿øÀü). remains dumb ÀáÀÚÄÚ ÀÖ´Ù.
posterity Èļ¼, ý­ÓÛ(ÈÄ´ë). detect ã¾Æ³»´Ù, Ê×÷ò(°£ÆÄ)ÇÏ´Ù.
underlying ¹Ø¿¡ ÀÖ´Â, ±âÃÊÀûÀÎ. arrogance ¿À¸¸.
manipulative Á¶ÀÛÇÏ´Â, ¼ÓÀÓ¼öÀÇ, ¼Ø¾¾ ÀÖ°Ô ´Ù·ç´Â.
commentator ÇØ¼³ÀÚ. enlightening °è¸ùÀûÀÎ.
condescending °â¼ÕÇÑ, Á¤ÁßÇÑ, ÀϺη¯ °â¼ÕÇÑ, »ý»ö³»´Â µíÇÑ.

B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
´ë´ãÇÁ·ÎÀÇ »çȸÀڷμ­ÀÇ Socrates
±×·¯³ª Socrates´Â ³íÀïÀû ´ëÈ­±â¼úÀ» ÆÈ°í ´Ù´Ï´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ã¾Æ³»¾ú´Ù. À̵éÀº ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ¾Æ¹öÁöµé¿¡°Ô Protagoras ³ª Thrasymachus°°Àº ¼ÒÇǽºÆ®µéÀÇ °­·ÂÇÑ µµ±¸(´ëÈ­ÀÇ ±â¼ú)¸¦ ¾Æµéµé¿¡°Ô °¡¸£Ä¡µµ·Ï ±ÇÀ¯ÇÏ°í ´Ù´Ï´Â À¯¶û ±³»çµéÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¼ö»çÇÐÀڵ鵵 ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Socrates´Â À̵é Áß¿¡¼­ °¡Àå À¯¸íÇÑ Gorgias¸¦ ±³¹¦ÇÏ°Ô Á¶Á¾ÇÏ¿© ¼ö»çÇÐÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀº ¡°ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ µµ½Ã(³ª¶ó)¿¡ »ç´Â ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀ» Áö¹èÇÏ´Â °Í¡±À̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÎÁ¤Çϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Gorgias´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ì¢ùÊ(ÀÇÇÐ) ÀÚ°ÝÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÃÖ°íÀÇ ¼ö»çÇÐÀÚ´Â ¼ö»çÇÐÀûÀ¸·Î Àç´ÉÀÌ ¾ø´Â À¯ÀÚ°Ý Àǻ縦 ´©¸£°í ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °øÁßÀ§»ýÀå°ü¿¡ ¼±ÃâµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ÀÚ¶ûÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿À´Ã³¯ÀÇ ¹Ì±¹¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Socrates´Â Karl Rove ¿Í David Axelrod °°Àº ´çÆÄÀû Á¤Ä¡Âü¸ð³ª Sean Hannity ¿Í °°Àº Keith Olbermann ÅÚ·¹ºñÀü ´ë´ãÇÁ·ÎÀÇ »çȸÀÚ¿¡°Ô¼­ ¼ÒÇǽºÆ®³ª ¼ö»çÇÐÀÚµéÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×ÀÇ ¹Ý¾î¹ýÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿©, Socrates´Â ±×µé·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ÀÚ¸¸½ÉÀ» ´À³¢°Ô Çϰí, ±×µéÀ» ²Ò¾î¼­ Á¦¸Ú´ë·Î ¸»ÇÏ°Ô Çϰí Áú¹®À» ÅëÇÏ¿© ±×µéÀÇ È¥µ·°ú ¹«Áö¸¦ ³ëÃâ½Ãų °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á¾Á¾ °¨¼ö¼ºÀÌ °­ÇÑ ÀþÀº ÇлýµéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ ÇàÇØÁ³´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´ëÈ­´Â ´ëÈ­¿¡ Âü¿©Çϰí ÀÖ´Â °³°³ÀεéÀ» À§Çؼ­ ÁغñÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ Socrates´Â ¾î¶² ´ëÈ­³»¿ëµµ ±â·ÏÇØ ³õ±â¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡°Phaedrus¡±¿¡¼­ ±×°¡ ¸»ÇÑ °Íó·³, Áú¹®À» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é Ã¥Àº µèÁö¸¦ ¸øÇϰí (Ã¥Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î) Àд »ç¶÷¿¡ µû¶ó Ã¥Àº ÀÌÇØµÇ±âµµ ÇÏ°í ¿ÀÇØµÇ±âµµ ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¹®Á¦´Â ºñ·Ï SocratesÀÇ ´ëÈ­¸¦ Èļ¼¿¡ ÀüÇÑ Plato ¿Í Xenophon µî ±×ÀÇ Á¦ÀÚµéÀº ±×¸¦ °í±ÍÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ¸¹Àº ¾ÆÅ׳׽ùεéÀº ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, Socrates´Â ¿À´Ã³¯ ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ¡®´ç½Åº¸´Ù ¶È¶ÈÇϸ硯 ¸»¼Ø¾¾ ÁÁÀº Äڹ̵ð¾ð °â ÇØ¼³ÀÚÀÎ Jon Stewart ¿Í Stephen ColbertÀ» ´à¾Ò´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ¸»¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×¸¦ Àç¹ÌÀÖ°í °è¸ùÀûÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×°¡ ÀϺη¯ °â¼ÕÇÑ Ã¤ ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

  • Æ®À§ÅÍ
  • ÆäÀ̽ººÏ
  • ¡èÀ§·Î
Copyright ¨Ï Á¶°©Á¦´åÄÄ - ¹«´ÜÀüÀç ¹× Àç¹èÆ÷ ±ÝÁö
´ñ±Û´Þ±â ´ñ±Û¾²±â ÁÖÀÇ»çÇ×

´ñ±Û´Þ±â´Â ·Î±×ÀÎÈÄ »ç¿ëÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ³»¿ëÀº 100ÀÚ À̳»·Î Àû¾îÁֽʽÿÀ. ±¤°í, ¿å¼³, ºñ¼Ó¾î, ÀνŰø°Ý°ú ÇØ´ç ±Û°ú °ü·Ã ¾ø´Â ±ÛÀº »çÀüÅ뺸¾øÀÌ »èÁ¦µË´Ï´Ù.

PC ¹öÀü