128-6-599
Socrates fed this image of arrogance. In his defence before the jury, he said that he acted on a divine mission from Apollo's oracle at Delphi in exposing so many as ignorant. In Plato's version, Socrates claimed that the oracle had said "there is no one wiser". With this presumed superiority, Socrates set out to prove the oracle wrong. Xenophon's version is more arrogant yet. "Apollo answered that no man was more free than I, or more just, or more prudent," Socrates told the jury. "Apollo did not compare me to a god¡¦he did, however, judge that I far excelled the rest of mankind."
It is a tribute to the Athenians that they mostly embraced such megalomania as a charming quirk. They did, however, mock it. Aristophanes, a comic playwright who wrapped serious messages in humour-as, say, Sacha Baron Cohen (aka Borat) does today-wrote an entire play, "The Clouds", to lampoon Socrates.
In that comedy, an old farmer named Strepsiades wants to get out of the debts of his horse-racing son, Pheidippides, and sends him to an eccentric philosopher named Socrates who runs a "thinkery" where students learn to talk themselves out of any situation (sophistry, in other words). The son successfully evades his creditors but also returns with strange ideas. Because Socrates has taught him that wisdom is the only authority, Pheidippides proceeds to beat up his uneducated father, then threatens to do the same to his mother. Angry that his son has been corrupted, Strepsiades burns down Socrates's school.
A. ¾îÈÖ
arrogance ¿À¸¸. divine ½ÅÀÌ ÁÖ½Å, ½Å¼ºÇÑ, ãêÀÇ.
mission ÞÅÙ¤(»ç¸í), ÀÓ¹«, »çÀý´Ü. oracle ãêöþ(½ÅŹ), Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸»¾¸.
expose ³ëÃâ½ÃŰ´Ù, Æø·ÎÇÏ´Ù. version ¹ø¿ª¹®, ¼³¸í, ÷ú(ÆÇ).
presume ÃßÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù, »ó»óÇÏ´Ù, »ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù. superiority ¿ì¿ù, ±³¸¸.
prudent »ç·Á ±íÀº, ½ÅÁßÇÑ. tribute Âù»ç, ÍêÚª(°ø¹°), Ðñì×(±âÀÎ).
embrace ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Ù, Æ÷¿ëÇÏ´Ù, Æ÷¿ËÇÏ´Ù. megalomania °ú´ë¸Á»ó±¤(Áõ).
quirk Ðôú¼(±âÇà), ÐôìÑ(±âÀÎ). mock ºñ¿ô´Ù, Á¶·ÕÇÏ´Ù.
playwright ±ØÀÛ°¡. lampoon È£µÇ°Ô dzÀÚÇÏ´Ù.
Sacha Baron Cohen(1971-) ¿µ±¹ÀÇ Èñ±Ø ¿µÈ¹è¿ì.
eccentric ±«»óÇÑ, ÐôìÑ(±âÀÎ). sophistry ÏøÜª(±Ëº¯). ÏøÜªâú(±Ëº¯¼ú).
evade ÇÇÇÏ´Ù. creditor ä±ÇÀÚ. corrupt Ÿ¶ô½ÃŰ´Ù, ºÎÆÐ½ÃŰ´Ù.
B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
Socrates´Â ÀÌ·± ¿À¸¸ÇÑ ÀλóÀ» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¹è½É¿øµé ¾Õ¿¡¼ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¿ËÈ£Çϸé¼, ±×°¡(»ç¶÷µéÀÌ »ý°¢Çϰí ÀÖ´Â)¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¹«ÁöÇÏ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº Delphi¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ApolloÀÇ ãêöþ(½ÅŹ)ÀÌ ³»¸° ½Å¼ºÇÑ ÀÓ¹«¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù. Plato÷ú(ÆÇ)¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé, Socrates´Â ¡°Socratesº¸´Ù ´õ Çö¸íÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ¾ø´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ½ÅŹÀÌ ¸»Çß¾ú´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô »ý°¢µÇ´Â ¿ì¿ù°¨À» °¡Áö°í Socrates´Â ½ÅŹÀÌ Æ²·È´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» Áõ¸íÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Xenophon÷ú¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé Socrates´Â ÈξÀ ´õ ±³¸¸ÇÏ´Ù. ¡°³» º¸´Ùµµ ´õ »ý°¢ÀÌ ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°í ´õ Á¤ÀǷοì¸ç ´õ ½ÅÁßÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº ¾ø´Ù¶ó°í Apollo°¡ ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù.¡±¶ó°í Socrates´Â ¹è½É¿øµé¿¡°Ô ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¡°Apollo´Â ³ª¸¦ ãê¿¡ ºñÀ¯ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù... ±×·¯³ª ±×´Â ³»°¡ ¸ðµç Àηùº¸´Ù ÈξÀ ´õ ¶Ù¾î³ª´Ù°í ÆÇ°áÇÏ¿´´Ù.¡±
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¾ÆÅ×³× »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °ú´ë¸Á»óÁõÀ» ¸Å·ÂÀûÀÎ Ðôú¼(±âÇà)À¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÎ °ÍÀº ĪÂùÇÒ¸¸ÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×µéÀº ±× ±âÇàÀ» Á¶·ÕÇÏ¿´´Ù. ½É°¢ÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ À¯¸Ó·Î Æ÷ÀåÇÏ¿´´ø Èñ±ØÀÚ°¡ÀÎ Aristophanes´Â-Çö´ëÀÇ Sacha Baron Cohen°¡ ÇϵíÀÌ- Socrates¸¦ È£µÇ°Ô dzÀÚÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿© ¡°The Clouds"îïíÂ(ÀüÀÛ)À» ½è´Ù.
ÀÌ Èñ±Ø¿¡¼ Strepsiades¶ó´Â ´ÄÀº ³óºÎ´Â ¾Æµé Pheidippides°¡ °æ¸¶¿¡¼ Áû¾îÁö°Ô µÈ ºú¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ª±â¸¦ ¿øÇÏ¿© ¾î¶°ÇÑ »óȲ¿¡¼µµ ¹þ¾î³¯ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï (´Þ¸® Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¸é ±Ëº¯)ÇлýµéÀ» °¡¸£Ä¡´Â "thinkery"¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â ±«»óÇÑ Ã¶ÇÐÀÚ Socrates¿¡°Ô º¸³½´Ù. ¾ÆµéÀº ä±ÇÀÚµéÀ» ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î µûµ¹¸®Áö¸¸ ±«»óÇÑ »ý°¢À» °¡Áö°í ±ÍÇâÇÑ´Ù. Socrates°¡ ±× ¾Æµé¿¡°Ô ÁöÇý°¡ À¯ÀÏÇÑ ±ÇÀ§¶ó°í °¡¸£ÃƱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¾ÆµéÀº ±³À°¹ÞÁö ¸øÇÑ ¾Æ¹öÁö¸¦ ±¸Å¸ÇÏ°í ¾î¸Ó´Ï¸¶Àúµµ ±¸Å¸ÇÏ·Á°í À§ÇùÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÆµéÀÌ ¸Á³ª´Ï°¡ µÇ¾î¼ Ȱ¡ ³ Strepsiades´Â SocratesÀÇ Çб³¸¦ ºÒÅ¿ö¹ö¸°´Ù.
ÇÑ´«¿¡ º¸´Â
º£½ºÆ® ±â»ç
- 1 Çѵ¿ÈÆÀÇ ¿ª»çÀû »ç¸í°ú Áö¹æ¼±°ÅÀÇ ÀǹÌ
- 2 5¿ù31ÀÏÀº ±èÀϼº ¾ÕÀ¸·Î ÆíÁö ¾´ ³¯
- 3 À°»ç(ëÁÞÍ)°¡ ¹Ì¿ì¸é À°»ç¸¸ ÆóÁöÇ϶ó
- 4 ¿Ö ¸»¸®´Â »ç¶÷±îÁö ÈæÈ(ýÙûù)Çϴ°¡?
- 5 ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ ÀúÁúµé¿¡°Ô Áö¹è´çÇÏ´Â ¿ì¸®ÀÇ Çö½Ç
- 6 ³ëÀε鿡°Ô ȸÀü¿îµ¿À» ºÎÃß±â´Ù´Ï
- 7 çïá¦ý³(¿À¼¼ÈÆ) ¼¿ï½ÃÀåÀÇ ½Â¸®´Â ¿øÄ¢°ú Á¤ÀÇÀÇ ½Â¸®´Ù
- 8 ¼¿ï½Ã¹ÎÀº ÀÌÀç¸í Á¤±ÇÀ» ½ÉÆÇÇß½À´Ï´Ù
- 9 ³²ÇÑ ºÎÀΰúÀÇ ÀÌÈ¥ µ¿±â(ÔÑѦ) - '±×³É ½È¾î¼'
- 10 ±èÁøÀº Àú½Â¿¡¼ Çѵ¿ÈÆÀ» ÀÀ¿øÇϰí ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù!












