Socrates in America ¨í

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The Socrates lampooned in the play, and probably laughing heartily in the audience, was 46 at the time and got on well with Aristophanes. Plato presents both men as having a jolly time together in the "Symposium". But already in "The Clouds", there are the familiar charges of Socrates corrupting the young and threatening to subvert society and of being impious. Indeed, Aristophanes has Socrates arguing in his thinkery that "Zeus does not even exist." Addressing the jury 24 years later, Socrates claimed that this is where the charges originated.
In the coming years, many Athenians, and especially those who had been embarrassed by him, would learn to loathe Socrates. His dialectic was indeed surprisingly negative. Typically, he became obsessed with defining something abstract-What is justice? What is virtue?-and then twisted words to dismantle any opinion offered.
In Xenophon's "Memorabilia", a man named Hippias refuses to debate Socrates: "You mock at others, questioning and examining everybody, and never willing to render an account yourself or to state an opinion about anything," he says. In Plato's "Meno", his interlocutor compares Socrates to "the flat torpedo sea-fish for it benumbs anyone who approaches and touches it." Socrates had a talent for making people feel bad.
He also, in effect, boycotted Athens as a society. Socrates did his military duty but not his civic or jury duty, which he considered beneath him. By opting out of ordinary public life, he chose to be what Pericles in his funeral oration called an idiotes, a person who remains "private" when his country needs him in public life.

A. ¾îÈÖ
lampoon ½ÉÇÏ°Ô Ç³ÀÚÇÏ´Ù. heartily ¾ç²¯, Áø½ÉÀ¸·Î, ¿­±¤ÀûÀ¸·Î.
jolly Áñ°Å¿î, À¯ÄèÇÑ. Symposium ñ¨ÓÈüå(Á´ãȸ), Åä·Ðȸ.
charge ºñ³­, °í¹ß. subvert ï´ÜÝ(Àüº¹)ÇÏ´Ù. impious ÜôÌ×(ºÒ°æ)½º·¯¿î, »ç¾ÇÇÑ.
embarrass ´çȲ½ÃŰ´Ù, ¿¿¸Å°Ô ÇÏ´Ù. loathe ¸÷½Ã ½È¾îÇÏ´Ù.
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Memorabilia ±â·Ï. mock Á¶·ÕÇÏ´Ù. render ÇàÇÏ´Ù, ...ÀÌ µÇ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù.
account ¼³¸í, À̾߱â. interlocutor ´ë´ãÀÚ, ´ëÈ­ÀÚ, Áú¹®ÀÚ. touch ÇØÄ¡´Ù.
flat ³³ÀÛ ¾þµå¸°. torpedo åàÖô(¾î·Ú), Áö·Ú. benumb ¸¶ºñ½ÃŰ´Ù.
opt ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Ù. funeral Àå·Ê½Ä. oration ãÒÞö(½Ä»ç), ¿¬¼³.
funeral oration Ãßµµ»ç. idiot ¸ÛûÀÌ, ¹éÄ¡.

B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
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±× ´ÙÀ½ ¿©·¯ ÇØ µ¿¾È ¸¹Àº ¾ÆÅ׳׻ç¶÷µé, ƯÈ÷ Socrates°¡ ¿¿¸Å°Ô ¸¸µç »ç¶÷µéÀº, Socrates¸¦ ¸÷½Ã ½È¾îÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×ÀÇ ÒÕÛö(³í¹ý)Àº ³î¶ó¿ï ¸¸Å­ ºÎÁ¤ÀûÀ̾ú´Ù. ÀüÇüÀûÀ¸·Î, ±×´Â Ãß»óÀûÀÎ °Í-¹«¾ùÀÌ Á¤ÀÇÀΰ¡? ¹«¾ùÀÌ ¹Ì´öÀΰ£?-ÀÇ Á¤ÀÇ¿¡ ÁýÂøÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¾î¶² °ßÇØ¶óµµ ÇØÃ¼Çϱâ À§ÇØ ´Ü¾îµéÀ» ¿Ö°î½ÃÄ×´Ù.
XenophonÀÇ ¡°Memorabilia¡±¿¡¼­´Â, Hippias¶ó´Â À̸§ÀÇ ÇÑ »ç¶÷Àº Socrates¿Í Åä·ÐÇϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÑ´Ù. ¡°´ç½ÅÀº ¸ðµç »ç¶÷¿¡°Ô Áú¹®ÇÏ°í ±×µéÀÇ ¸»À» Á¡°ËÇϸ鼭 ´ç½Å ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À̾߱⸦ ¸»Çϰųª ¾î¶² °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼­µµ ´ç½ÅÀÇ ÀǰßÀ» ¸»ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é¼­ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸ð¿åÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ±×´Â ¸»ÇÏ¿´´Ù. PlatoÀÇ ¡°Meno¡±¿¡¼­´Â, ´ëÈ­ÀÚµéÀº Socrates¸¦ ¡°³³ÀÛ ¾þµå·Á ÀÖ´Â ¾î·Ú¹°°í±â¿¡ ºñÀ¯Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ¹°°í±â´Â Àڱ⿡°Ô Á¢±ÙÇÏ´Â ´©±¸¶óµµ ¸¶ºñ½Ã۰í ÇØÄ¡±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.¡± Socrates´Â »ç¶÷µéÀÇ ±âºÐÀ» ³ª»Ú°Ô ÇÏ´Â Àç´ÉÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
±×´Â »ç½Ç»ó ¾ÆÅ׳׸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ »çȸ·Î ÀÎÁ¤Çϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. Socrates´Â ±º»çÀû Àǹ«´Â ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸ ½Ã¹ÎÀû Àǹ«(¼±°Å Âü¿© µî) ¶Ç´Â ¹è½É¿øÀÇ Àǹ«´Â ÇàÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ±×·± Àǹ«´Â ±×ÀÇ ÁöÀ§º¸´Ù ³·Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̶ó°í °£ÁÖÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ °øÁ÷»ýȰÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À¸·Î½á, Á¶±¹ÀÌ ±×¿¡°Ô °øÀûÀÎ »îÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÒ ¶§¿¡ ¡°ÞçîÜ(»çÀû)À¸·Î¡± ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷, Áï ±×´Â Pericles°¡ ±×ÀÇ Àå·Ê½Ä Ãßµµ»ç¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÑ ¹éÄ¡°¡ µÇ±â·Î °áÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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