128-9-602
And there was of course Plato. But Plato never divulged his own views except, perhaps, through the words he attributed to Socrates. It is safe to say that he, too, disdained democracy and was attracted to the Spartan alternative, all the more so since he was the cousin of a certain Critias and the nephew of a man named Charmides, both of whom he appears to have admired and who became the rough Athenian equivalent of what Osama bin Laden and Ayman al-Zawahiri are to America.
Ancient Athens after September 11th
For Athens did have its version of September 11th 2001: an attack on its basic way of life, its freedom and security as a democracy. It had two such events, in fact. In 411BC, during the Peloponnesian war, a group of aristocratic Athenians including students of Socrates overthrew Athens's democracy in conspiracy with Alcibiades, who promised (but failed) to bring Persian support. This oligarchic junta lasted only a few months.
Then, in 404BC, a second coup toppled Athens's democracy. Among its leaders were Plato's relatives, Critias and Charmides, who appear in Plato's dialogues to be students of Socrates and who were in cahoots with the Spartans who had just won the Peloponnesian war. For much of a year, the oligarchs conducted a reign of terror, before Athens reclaimed its democracy. In 401BC the oligarchs were scheming a third coup, but failed.
Socrates was put on trial two years later. He had played no part in the coups, but he was deemed suspect by association. His speeches, in light of recent events, struck the wrong chord and were considered inflammatory-like, say, the sermons of the American pastor, Jeremiah Wright, which forced Barack Obama, formerly in his congregation, to disavow him. Vaguely but plausibly, Socrates was accused of corrupting the young.
A. ¾îÈÖ
divulge ´©¼³ÇÏ´Ù. attribute ...¿¡ µ¹¸®´Ù, ...ÀÇ ´öºÐÀ¸·Î µ¹¸®´Ù.
disdain °æ¸êÇÏ´Ù. alternative ´ë¾È. equivalent µ¿µîÇÑ °Í, »ó´çÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷.
a democracy ¹ÎÁÖ±¹°¡. cf. democracy ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ.
aristocratic ±ÍÁ·ÀÇ. conspiracy ÍìÙÇ(°ø¸ð), ëäÙÇ(À½¸ð).
oligarchic °úµÎÁ¤Ä¡ÀÇ, ¼Ò¼öµ¶ÀçÀÇ. junta (Äíµ¥Å¸ Á÷ÈÄ Á¤±ÇÀ» Àå¾ÇÇÏ´Â) ±º»çÁ¤ºÎ.
coup Äíµ¥Å¸, ´ë¼º°ø. topple µÚÁý¾î¾þ´Ù, Àüº¹½ÃŰ´Ù.
relative ģô. cahoots °øµ¿, °ø¸ð. oligarch °úµÎÁ¤Ä¡ÀÇ òûïÙíº(ÁýÁ¤ÀÚ).
reign Áö¹è, ö½á¦(Ä¡¼¼), ÅëÄ¡±â°£. reclaim ȸº¹ÇÏ´Ù, °³¼±ÇÏ´Ù.
suspect Àǽɽº·¯¿î, ¼ö»óÇÑ. strike the wrong chord äÂÊï(¾Ç°¨)À» ºÒ·¯ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Ù.
chord °¨Á¤, ãýÐÖ(½É±Ý), ú×(Çö). inflammatory ¼±µ¿ÀûÀÎ, ³ë¿©¿òÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â.
sermon ¼³±³. pastor ÁÖÀÓ¸ñ»ç, ÁÖÀӽźÎ.
Jeremiah Wright ¹Ì±¹ ´ëÅë·É Barack ObamaÀÇ Á¤½ÅÀû ½º½ÂÀ¸·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø ¸ñ»ç.
formerly ÀÌÀü¿¡. congregation ¸ðÀÓ, ÁýÇÕ, Á¾±³ÀûÀÎ Áýȸ.
disavow ºÎÀÎÇÏ´Ù, ¸ð¸¥´Ù°í ÇÏ´Ù, °ÅºÎÇÏ´Ù. vaguely ¸·¿¬ÇϰÔ, ¾Ö¸ÅÇϰÔ.
plausibly ±×·²µíÇϰÔ, Áø½ÇÇÑ °Íó·³. accuse °í¹ßÇÏ´Ù.
B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
¹°·Ð Platoµµ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Plato´Â Socrates ´öºÐÀ̶ó´Â ¸» ¿Ü¿¡´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ °ßÇØ´Â °áÄÚ ÀÔ¹Û¿¡ ³»Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Platoµµ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ °æ¸êÇÏ¿´°í µ¶Àç±¹°¡ÀÎ Sparta½Ä ´ë¾È¿¡ ¸¶À½ÀÌ ²ø·È´Ù°í ¸»Çصµ ÙíÛª(¹«¹æ)ÇÒ °Í °°´Ù. ±×°¡ CritiasÀÇ »çÃÌÀ̰í Charmides¶ó°í À̸§ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ Á¶Ä«¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´õ¿í ´õ ±×·¸´Ù. ±×´Â ÀÌ µÎ »ç¶÷À» Á¸°æÇÏ¿´°í ÀÌ µÎ »ç¶÷°ú ¾ÆÅ׳×ÀÇ °ü°è´Â Osama bin Laden°ú Ayman al-Zawahiri°¡ ¹Ì±¹¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü°è¿Í °°´Ù(µ¿µîÇÏ´Ù).
°í´ë ¾ÆÅ׳×ÀÇ 9.11 Å×·¯°ø°Ý
¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ¾ÆÅ׳׿¡µµ ¾ÆÅ×³× ÆÇ 2001³â 9.11 ÆøÅºÅ×·¯ °ø°Ý °°Àº °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¾ÆÅ׳×ÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ »ýȰ¹æ½Ä°ú ¹ÎÁÖ±¹°¡·Î¼ÀÇ ¾ÆÅ׳×ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯¿Í ¾Èº¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ø°ÝÀ̾ú´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç°ÇÀÌ µÎ ¹ø ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. Peloponnes ÀüÀï ÁßÀÎ BC 411³â¿¡, SocratesÀÇ Á¦ÀÚ¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÀº ìéÓ¥(ÀÏ´Ü)ÀÇ ¾ÆÅ×³× ±ÍÁ·µéÀÌ PersiaÀÇ Áö¿øÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ ¿À°Ú´Ù°í ¾à¼ÓÇÑ Alcibiades¿Í °ø¸ðÇÏ¿© ¾ÆÅ×³× ¹ÎÁÖÁ¤ºÎ¸¦ Àüº¹½ÃÄ×´Ù. ÀÌ ¼Ò¼öµ¶Àç ±º»çÁ¤ºÎ´Â °Ü¿ì ¼ö°³¿ù°£ ¸¸ Á¸¼ÓÇÏ¿´´Ù.
±× ÈÄ BC 404³â¿¡ µÎ ¹øÂ° Äíµ¥Å¸°¡ ¾ÆÅ×³× ¹ÎÁÖÁ¤ºÎ¸¦ ºØ±«½ÃÄ×´Ù. Äíµ¥Å¸ ÁöµµÀÚµé Áß¿¡´Â PlatoÀÇ Ä£Ã´µéÀÎ Critias ¿Í Charmidesµµ µé¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Âµ¥ À̵éÀº PlatoÀÇ Óßü¥ø¹(´ëÈÆí)¿¡ SocratesÀÇ Á¦Àڷμ µîÀåÇϰí Peloponnes ÀüÀï¿¡¼ ¹æ±Ý ½Â¸®ÇÑ Sparta¿Í Ò®÷×(³»Åë)Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¾ÆÅ׳װ¡ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ µÇã±â±îÁö °ÅÀÇ 1³â µ¿¾È °úµÎÁ¤Ä¡ ÁýÁ¤ÀÚµéÀº °øÆ÷Á¤Ä¡¸¦ í°ú¼(ÀÚÇà)ÇÏ¿´´Ù. BC 401³â¿¡ ÀÌ ÁýÁ¤ÀÚµéÀº ¼¼ ¹øÂ°·Î Äíµ¥Å¸°èȹÀ» ¼¼¿ì°í ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿´´Ù.
Socrates´Â 2³â µÚ¿¡ ÀçÆÇ¿¡ üÞݾ(ȸºÎ)µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â Äíµ¥Å¸¿¡´Â Âü¿©ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Àǽɹ޾ҴÙ. ±×ÀÇ ¿¬¼³Àº ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ »ç°Ç ¶§¹®¿¡ äÂÊï(¾Ç°¨)À» ºÒ·¯ ÀÏÀ¸Ä×°í ¼±µ¿ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵǾú´Ù-¹Ì±¹ÀÇ Jeremiah Wright¸ñ»çÀÇ ¼³±³Ã³·³. ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ¼ Barack Obama´Â Áýȸ¿¡¼ ¸ñ»ç¿ÍÀÇ °ü°è¸¦ ºÎÀÎÇØ¾ß Çß´Ù. ¾Ö¸ÅÇÏÁö¸¸ »ç½ÇÀÎ °Íó·³, Socrates´Â ÀþÀºÀ̵éÀ» Ÿ¶ô½ÃŲ ÇøÀÇ·Î °í¹ßµÇ¾ú´Ù.
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