Socrates in America ¨ñ

128-11-604
The nonconformist hero

Who and what, then, was Socrates to Athens? Part of his glory derives from his incorruptibility, his brave nonconformism, his determination to think as an individual not as part of "the herd". Nonconformism became a heroic value in the Western tradition that Socrates helped to found, especially in societies such as America's that value individualism.
But nonconformism is not an absolute virtue and easily veers off into sedition, subversion or other actions deemed unpatriotic. Psychologists suggest that people make constant trade-offs in social settings between, on one hand, insisting on their notion of truth and, on the other, the cohesion of a group. Sometimes truth and virtue require dissent and rebellion. Other times the survival or security of the group takes precedence and requires solidarity. If Socrates the free thinker belonged to a team, a club, a firm or a country today, he would never compromise his values, but he might well compromise his group.
Stone concluded that Socrates was on the biggest "ego-trip" in history. He probably was. And yet Athens would soon regret having convicted him. His trial was an overreaction, a betrayal of Athenian values just as torturing terrorist suspects or wiretapping Americans after September 11th were betrayals of American values. Democracies do betray themselves. Challengers such as Socrates exist to test society in its commitment to freedom and, if society fails the test, to remind it of the virtuous path.

A. ¾îÈÖ
derive ...¿¡¼­ ³ª¿À´Ù, ÷ïßæ(ÆÄ»ý)ÇÏ´Ù. incorruptibility û·Å°á¹é, ºÎÆÐºÒ°¡´É.
nonconformism (°ü·Ê¿¡ ´ëÇÑ) ÞªÔÒðà(ºñµ¿Á¶).
determination °áÀÇ, °á½É. herd °¡ÃàÀÇ ¹«¸®, ±ºÁß, ¹ÎÁß.
absolute Àý´ëÀûÀÎ. veer Áø·Î(¹æÇâ)¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Ù.
sedition µ¿¶õ¼±µ¿, øìÔÑÎçÞÊ(Æøµ¿±³»ç). subversion ï´ÜÝ(Àüº¹).
deem °£ÁÖÇÏ´Ù, »ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù. trade-off ±³È¯, Æò±ÕÀ» ÃëÇϱâ.
cohesion °áÇÕ, ïÄó·(Á¡Âø). dissent ì¶ì¡(ÀÌÀÇ), ºÒÂù¼º.
rebellion ¹Ý¶õ, ¹ÝÇ×. precedence à»ú¼(¼±Çà), à»ÖÇ(¼±·Ê).
solidarity ÀÏÄ¡´Ü°á, ææÓá(¿¬´ë). compromise ŸÇùÇÏ´Ù, ¾çº¸ÇÏ´Ù, ±ÁÈ÷´Ù.
might well+V ...ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù.
ego-trip ÀÚ±âÁß½ÉÀû Çൿ, Á¦¸Ú´ë·Î ÇൿÇÔ.
convict À¯ÁË·Î ¼±°íÇÏ´Ù. overreaction °úÀ×¹ÝÀÀ. betrayal ¹è½Å.
torture °í¹®ÇÏ´Ù. suspect é»ë÷íº(¿ëÀÇÀÚ). wiretap Ô¨ôé(µµÃ»)ÇÏ´Ù.
commitment îöÒ·(Àü³ä), Àǹ«¼öÇà, ô¡Ùâ(Ã¥¹«).

B. ±¸¹®
-If Socrates the free thinker. . . might well compromise his group.
cf. °¡Á¤¹ý°ú°Å¡æÇöÀç»ç½ÇÀÇ ¹Ý´ëÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ °¡Á¤
¡´If+S+°ú°Åµ¿»ç..., S+°ú°ÅÁ¶µ¿»ç+V...¡µ
ex. As Socrates does not belong to a group today, he compromise his values.
¡æIf Socrates belonged to a group today, he would not compromise his values.

C. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
ºñµ¿Á¶ÀÇ ¿µ¿õ

Socrates´Â ¾î¶² »ç¶÷À̾úÀ¸¸ç ¾ÆÅ׳׿¡°Ô´Â ¹«¾ùÀ̾ú´ø°¡? ±×ÀÇ ç´çâ(¿µ¿¹)ÀÇ ÀϺδ û·Å°á¹é°ú ¿ë±â ÀÖ´Â ºñµ¿Á¶ÁÖÀÇ ¹× ¡°¹ÎÁß¡±ÀÇ ÇÑ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó °³ÀÎÀ¸·Î¼­ »ý°¢ÇÏ·Á´Â ̽ëò(°áÀÇ)¿¡ æÞë¦(¿¬À¯)ÇÑ´Ù. ºñµ¿Á¶ÁÖÀÇ´Â Socrates°¡ ±×°ÍÀ» Çü¼ºÇÏ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁØ à¤Ï±(¼­±¸)ÀÇ ÀüÅë¿¡¼­´Â, ƯÈ÷ °³ÀÎÁÖÀǸ¦ Áß¿ä½ÃÇÏ´Â ¹Ì±¹ °°Àº »çȸ¿¡¼­´Â, ¿µ¿õÀûÀÎ °¡Ä¡°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ºñµ¿Á¶ÁÖÀÇ´Â Àý´ëÀû ¹Ì´ö(°¡Ä¡)Àº ¾Æ´Ï¸ç, Æø·ÂÀû ¼±µ¿°ú ±¹°¡Àüº¹È°µ¿ ȤÀº ºñ¾Ö±¹ÀûÀÎ °ÍÀ¸·Î °£ÁֵǴ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ ÇൿÀ¸·Î ºø³ª°¡±â ½±´Ù. ½É¸®ÇÐÀÚµéÀº Áø¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³ÀÎÀûÀÎ ÁÖÀå°ú »çȸÅëÇÕ»çÀÌ¿¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Â »çȸȯ°æ ¼Ó¿¡¼­ ²÷ÀÓ¾øÀÌ å»íº(¾çÀÚ)¸¦ ÁÖ°í¹ÞÀ» °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀ¯ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î¶² ¶§´Â Áø¸®¿Í ¹Ì´öÀº ì¶ì¡(ÀÌÀÇ)¿Í ¹ÝÇ×À» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¶§¿¡´Â »çȸÀÇ »ýÁ¸°ú ¾Èº¸´Â ¼±·Ê(ÀüÅë)¿Í ¿¬´ë¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù.
ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î »ç»ó°¡ÀÎ Socrates°¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ ¾î¶² ÆÀÀ̳ª Ŭ·´À̳ª ȸ»ç ¹× ±¹°¡¿¡ ¼ÓÇØ ÀÖ´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±×´Â ÀÚ±âÀÇ °¡Ä¡¸¦ °áÄÚ Å¸ÇùÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌÁö¸¸ Áý´ÜÀÇ °¡Ä¡¿Í ŸÇùÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. StoneÀº Socrates°¡ ¿ª»ç»ó °¡Àå À§´ëÇÑ ÀÚ±âÁß½ÉÀû ÇൿÁÖÀÇÀÚ¶ó°í °á·ÐÀ» ³»·È´Ù. ±×´Â ¾Æ¸¶µµ ±×·± »ç¶÷À̾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 9.11 ÆøÅº Å×·¯ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ Å×·¯ ¿ëÀÇÀÚ¸¦ °í¹®Çϰųª ¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀ» µµÃ»ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ì±¹Àû °¡Ä¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹è¹ÝÀÎ °Íó·³ Socrates¸¦ ÀçÆÇÇÑ °ÍÀº °úÀ×¹ÝÀÀÀ̾ú°í ¾ÆÅ׳×ÀÇ °¡Ä¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹è¹ÝÀ̾ú´Ù. ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ¹è¹ÝÇÑ´Ù. Socrates°°Àº µµÀüÀÚµéÀº ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ ½Çõ¿¡ À־ »çȸ¸¦ ½ÃÇèÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ Á¸ÀçÇϸç, ±×¸®°í »çȸ°¡ ±× ½ÃÇè¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¸é »çȸ¿¡°Ô ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ±æÀ» »ó±â½ÃÄÑÁÖ±â À§ÇÏ¿© Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù.
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