The idea of progress ¨ë

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The idea of progress has a long history, but it started to flower in the 17th century. Enlightenment thinkers believed that man emancipated by reason would rise to ever greater heights of achievement. The many manifestations of his humanity would be the engines of progress: language, community, science, commerce, moral sensibility and government. Unfortunately, many of those engines have failed.
Some supposed sources of progress now appear almost quaint. Take language: many 18th-century thinkers believed that superstitions and past errors were imprinted in words. "Hysteria", for example, comes from the Greek for "womb", on the mistaken idea that panic was a seizure of the uterus. Purge the language of rotten thinking, they believed, and truth and reason would prevail at last. The impulse survives, much diminished, in the vocabulary of political correctness. But these days few people outside North Korea believe in language as an agent of social change.
Every time someone tells you to "be realistic" they are asking you to compromise your ideals. Other sources of progress are clothed in tragedy. The Germanic thought that individual progress should be subsumed into the shared destiny of a nation, or volk, is fatally associated with Hitler. Whenever nationalism becomes the chief organising principle of society, state violence is not far behind. Likewise, in Soviet Russia and Communist China unspeakable crimes were committed by the ruling elite in the pursuit of progress, rather as they had been in the name of God in earlier centuries. As John Passmore, an Australian philosopher, wrote: "men have sought to demonstrate their love of God by loving nothing at all and their love for humanity by loving nobody whatsoever."

A. ¾îÈÖ
Enlightenment thinkers °è¸ùÁÖÀÇ»ç»ó°¡. emancipate ÇØ¹æÇÏ´Ù.
heights ÍÔò¢(°íÁö), Á¤Á¡. manifestations Ù¥ãÆ(¸í½Ã), øúÙ¥(Ç¥¸í), úéãÆ(Çö½Ã).
sensibility °¨°¢, °¨¼º. quaint Áø±âÇÑ, º°½º·¯¿ö Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Â.
superstition ¹Ì½Å. imprint ÀλóÀ» ³²±â´Ù, ÀÚ±¹À» ³»´Ù.
panic ´çȲ, °Ì¸ÔÀ½, ÍðüË(°øÈ²). seizure ¹ßÀÛ, º´¿¡ °É¸®±â, ¾Ð¼ö, °­Å», Àâ±â.
uterus ÀÚ±Ã. purge ïäûù(Á¤È­)ÇÏ´Ù, ÀϼÒÇÏ´Ù, ¼÷ûÇÏ´Ù.
rotten ½â¾î ¹®µå·¯Áø, Ÿ¶ôÇÑ, ºÒ°áÇÑ, ¿ª°Ü¿î.
prevail ½Â¸®ÇÏ´Ù, ³Î¸® ÆÛÁö´Ù, º¸±ÞÇÏ´Ù. impulse ¿µÇâ, Ãæ°Ý.
diminish °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Ù. correctness αú¼(°üÇà), ±³Á¤, Á¤È®ÇÔ.
subsume Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Ù. volk ±¹¹Î, ¹ÎÁ·. fatally ¿î¸íÀûÀ¸·Î, Ä¡¸íÀûÀ¸·Î, ºñÂüÇϰÔ.
pursuit ½ÇÇà, Ãß±¸.

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