The idea of progress ¨ð

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The junior partner is governance-not an oppressive Leviathan, but a democratic system of laws and social institutions. Right and left have much cause to criticise government. For the right, as Ronald Reagan famously said, the nine most terrifying words in the English language are: "I'm from the government and I'm here to help." For the left, government has failed to tame the cruelty of markets and lift the poor out of their misery. From their different perspectives, both sides complain that government regulation is often costly and ineffectual, and that many decades of social welfare have failed to get to grips with an underclass.
Yet even if government has scaled back its ambitions from the heights of the post-war welfare state, even if it is often inefficient and self-serving, it also embodies moral progress. That is the significance of the assertion, in the American Declaration of Independence, that "all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights". It is the significance of laws guaranteeing free speech, universal suffrage, and equality before the law. And it is the significance of courts that can hold states to account when they, inevitably, fail to match the standards that they have set for themselves.

A. ¾îÈÖ
junior partner ȸ»çÀÇ ÇÏ±Þ»ç¿ø. oppressive °­¾ÐÀûÀÎ, µ¶ÀçÀûÀÎ.
Leviathan ·¹ºñ¾Æ´Ü(¼º¼­ ¼Ó¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ¹Ù´Ù ¼Ó ±«¹°), °­·ÂÇÏ°í °Å´ëÇÑ °Í.
institution Á¦µµ. tame ±æµéÀÌ´Ù, â÷ö½(¼øÄ¡)ÇÏ´Ù. cruelty ÀÜÀμº.
misery ºñÂüÇÔ. perspective ðÒØÐ(Á¶¸Á), ãÊïÇ(½ÃÁ¡).
regulation ±ÔÁ¦. ineffectual È¿°úÀûÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ, ÙíìÌ(¹«ÀÍ)ÇÑ.
grip ºÙÀâ±â, Áö¹è, ÅëÁ¦, ÀÌÇØ·Â. underclass »çȸÀÇ ÃÖÇÏÃþ.
scale back ÁÙÀÌ´Ù. post-war îúý­(ÀüÈÄ). inefficient ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀÎ.
self-serving À̱âÀûÀÎ, Àڱ⿡°Ô¸¸ ºÀ»çÇÏ´Â.
embody ô÷úÞ(üÇö)ÇÏ´Ù, ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î ³ªÅ¸³»´Ù.
assertion ÁÖÀå. endow ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Ù. Creator âÁ¶ÁÖ, ãê(½Å).
unalienable ¾çµµÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â, õºÎÀûÀÎ. guarantee º¸ÁõÇÏ´Ù.
universal suffrage º¸Åë¼±°Å±Ç.
hold states to account ±¹°¡·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý °¢¼ºÇϰÔÇÏ´Ù.
inevitably ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇϰÔ.

B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
µµ´öÀû °¨¼ö¼ºÀÇ ÇÏ±Þ ÆÄÆ®³Ê(¹ßÀü¿£Áø)´Â ÅëÄ¡Àε¥ À̰ÍÀº ¾ï¾ÐÀûÀÎ ·¹ºñ¾Æ´ÜÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í ¹ÎÁÖÀûÀÎ ¹ý°ú »çȸÁ¦µµÀÌ´Ù. ÁÂÆÄ¿Í ¿ìÆÄ´Â ÅëÄ¡ÇàŸ¦ ºñÆÇÇÒ ¸¹Àº ¸íºÐÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿ìÆÄ¿¡°Ô´Â Ronald ReaganÀÇ À¯¸íÇÑ ¸»Ã³·³ ¿µ¾îÀÇ °¡Àå ¹«¼­¿î ´Ü¾î 9°³´Â"I'm from the government and I'm here to help."(Àú´Â Á¤ºÎ¿¡¼­ ¿Ô½À´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í µµ¿òÀ» µå¸®±â À§ÇØ ¿©±â¿¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.) ¡´Á¤ºÎ´Â ÇÊ¿ä¾ÇÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÛÀ»¼ö·Ï ÁÁ´Ù´Â ¶æ ¡µÀÌ´Ù. ÁÂÆÄ°¡ º¼ ¶§´Â ÅëÄ¡(Á¤ºÎ)´Â ã¼íÞÀÇ ÀÜÀμºÀ» ¼øÄ¡ÇÏ°í °¡³­ÀÇ ºñÂü¿¡¼­ °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀ» ±¸ÃâÇϴµ¥ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿´´Ù. Á¿ìÀÍ ¾çÂÊÀº °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ ½Ã°¢¿¡¼­ Á¤ºÎ±ÔÁ¦´Â Á¾Á¾ °íºñ¿ëÀÌ°í ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀÌ°í ¼ö½Ê ³â°£ÀÇ »çȸº¹Áö´Â ºó¹ÎµéÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â µ¥ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿´´Ù°í ºÒÆòÇÑ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª Á¤ºÎ°¡ ºñ·Ï º¹ÁöÀÇ ÍÔò¢(°íÁö)¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ·Á´Â ¾ß¸ÁÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ÁÙ¿´´Ù ÇÏ´õ¶óµµ, ±×¸®°í ÅëÄ¡(Á¤ºÎ)°¡ Á¾Á¾ ºñÈ¿À²ÀûÀ̰í À̱âÀûÀÏÁö¶óµµ, ±×°ÍÀº µµ´öÀû Áøº¸¸¦ ô÷úÞ(üÇö)ÇÑ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ì±¹µ¶¸³¼±¾ð¹®ÀÇ ¡°¸ðµç Àΰ£Àº ÆòµîÇÏ°Ô Ã¢Á¶µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ãêÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃµºÎÀÇ ±Ç¸®µéÀ» ºÎ¿©¹Þ¾Ò´Ù¡±´Â ÁÖÀåÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ¾ð·ÐÀÚÀ¯¿Í º¸Åë ¼±°Å±Ç°ú ¹ý ¾ÕÀÇ ÆòµîÀ» º¸ÀåÇÏ´Â ¹ýµéÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀÌ ±¹°¡°¡ ºÒ°¡ÇÇÇÏ°Ô ½º½º·Î ¼¼¿î ±âÁØ¿¡ ¹Ì´ÞÇÒ ¶§´Â ±¹°¡¸¦ °¢¼º½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹ýÁ¤ÀÇ ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù.
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