Crying for freedom ¨ð

130-10-624
Another caveat is that democracy has never endured in countries with mainly non-market economies. The existence of an overweening state machine that meddles in everything can tempt leaders to use it against their political foes. Total control of the economy also sucks the air away from what Istvan Bibo, a Hungarian political thinker, called "the little circles of freedom"-the free associations and independent power centres that a free economy allows. Free-market economies help create a middle class that is less susceptible to state pressure and political patronage.
Perhaps most important, democracy needs leaders with an inclination and ability to compromise: what Walter Bagehot, a 19th-century editor of The Economist, called a "disposition rather to give up something than to take the uttermost farthing". Without a propensity for tolerating and managing differences, rival groups can easily reduce democracy to a ruthless struggle for power that ultimately wears down liberal institutions.
Democracy, this suggests, is more likely to succeed in countries with a shared feeling of belonging together, without strong cultural or ethnic fissures that can easily turn political conflict into the armed sort. Better positioned are "people so fundamentally at one that they can safely afford to bicker", as Lord Balfour, a 19th-century British politician, said. Such was not the case in Yugoslavia in the 1990s or in Lebanon in the 1970s.

A. ¾îÈÖ
caveat °æ°í, ÁÖÀÇ. endure ÁöÅÊÇÏ´Ù.
overweening µµ°¡ Áö³ªÄ£, °Å¸¸ÇÑ, ÇãdzÀÌ ½ÉÇÑ.
meddle °£¼·ÇÏ´Ù. tempt À¯È¤ÇÏ´Ù, Ãæµ¿ÁúÇÏ´Ù.
foe îØ(Àû), Àû¼ö. suck »¡´Ù, ýåìÚ(ÈíÀÎ)ÇÏ´Ù. circle Áý´Ü.
association Çùȸ, ´Üü. susceptible ¿µÇ⠹ޱ⠽¬¿î, Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â, ¹Î°¨ÇÑ.
patronage º¸È£, ÈÄ¿ø, »ý»ö³»±â. inclination °æÇâ, ¼ºÇâ.
disposition ±âÁú, Á¤½ÅÀû °æÇâ, àõÛþ(¼ºº®).
farthing ¿µ±¹ÀÇ ÃÖ¼Ò¾× ÔÞü§(µ¿È­).¡´1/4 penny¡µ, °¡Ä¡ ¾ø´Â °Í, ÇÑ Ç¬.
propensity °æÇâ, àõÛþ(¼ºº®). reduce Ì«ù»(°ÝÇÏ)½ÃŰ´Ù, ...·Î º¯ÇüÇÏ´Ù, °¨¼ÒÇÏ´Ù.
wear down ´â¾Æ¼­ ¾ø¾îÁö°Ô ÇÏ´Ù. ethnic ÀÎÁ¾ÀÇ, ¹ÎÁ·ÀÇ.
fissure иæñ(±Õ¿­). conflict °¥µî. fundamentally ±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î.
bicker ¾ðÀïÇÏ´Ù, ³íÀïÇÏ´Ù.

B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ °æ°í´Â ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ´Â Þª ã¼íÞÌèð­(½ÃÀå°æÁ¦) ±¹°¡¿¡¼­´Â Àý´ë ÁöÅ浃 ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç ÀÏ¿¡ °£¼·ÇÏ´Â, Áö³ªÄ¡°Ô °Å¸¸ÇÑ ±¹°¡Á¶Á÷ÀÇ Á¸Àç´Â ÁöµµÀÚ·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ïÙîØ(Á¤Àû)À» °ø°ÝÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ ±¹°¡Á¶Á÷À» »ç¿ëÇϰԲû À¯È¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °æÁ¦ÀÇ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ±¹°¡ÅëÁ¦´Â HungaryÀÇ Á¤Ä¡»ç»ó°¡ÀÎ Istvan Bibo°¡ ¸»ÇÑ ¡°ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ ÀÛÀº ´Üüµé¡±¡´ÀÚÀ¯°æÁ¦°¡ Çã¿ëÇÏ´Â ÀÚÀ¯Çùȸ¿Í µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ ±Ç·ÂÁ᫐ ±â°üµé¡µÀÌ ¼ûÀ» ½¯ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ø±â¸¦ »©¾Ñ¾Æ °¡¹ö¸°´Ù. ÀÚÀ¯ ½ÃÀå°æÁ¦ ±¹°¡µéÀº ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¾Ð·Â°ú Á¤Ä¡Àû ÈÄ¿ø¿¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ´ú ¹Þ´Â Áß»êÃþÀ» âÁ¶ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ÍÁØ´Ù.
¾Æ¸¶µµ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǴ ŸÇùÇÏ´Â ¼ºÇâ°ú ´É·ÂÀ» °¡Áø ÁöµµÀÚµéÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï 19¼¼±â The Economistòµ ÆíÁýÀÚ¿´´ø Walter BagehotÀÌ ¡°ÃÖÈÄÀÇ ÇÑ Ç¬±îÁö ì±â´Â °Í º¸´Ù´Â Á¶±ÝÀº Æ÷±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼ºÇ⡱ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ÀڽŰú ´Ù¸¥ °ßÇØ¿¡ °ü´ëÇϰí ÀûÀÀÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â àõú¾(¼ºÇâ)ÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é, °æÀï Áý´ÜµéÀº ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ±Ç·ÂÀïÃ븦 À§ÇÑ ¹«ÀÚºñÇÑ ÅõÀïÀ¸·Î º¯Çü½ÃÄѼ­ °á±¹¿¡´Â ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿î ¹ÎÁÖÁ¦µµ¸¦ ¼Ò¸ê½ÃÄÑ ¹ö¸®°Ô µÈ´Ù.
À̰ÍÀº Á¤Ä¡Àû °¥µîÀ» ¹«Àå î³÷ã(ÀïÅõ)·Î ½±°Ô º¯Çü½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °­·ÂÇÑ Á¾±³Àû ¶Ç´Â ÀÎÁ¾Àû ±Õ¿­ÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼­ (´ë´Ù¼ö ±¹¹ÎÀÌ ±¹°¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ) ¼Ò¼Ó°¨À» °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â ³ª¶óµé¿¡¼­ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǰ¡ ¼º°øÇÏ´Â °æÇâÀÌ ´õ ¸¹´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. 19¼¼±â ¿µ±¹ Á¤Ä¡°¡ BalfourÌÏ(°æ)ÀÌ ¸»ÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ ¡°±Ùº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÏÄ¡°¨ÀÌ ¸Å¿ì °­Çؼ­ ¸¶À½ ³õ°í ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô ³íÀïÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±¹¹Îµé¡±ÀÌ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ÇâÀ¯Çϱ⿡ ´õ ÁÁÀº À§Ä¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 1990³â´ëÀÇ Yugoslavia¿Í 1970³â´ëÀÇ Lebanon Àº ±×·¸Áö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù.
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