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History finds Camus on the right side of so many of the great moral issues of the 20th century. He joined the French resistance to combat Nazism, editing an underground newspaper, Combat. He campaigned against the death penalty. A one-time Communist, his anti-totalitarian work, "L'Homme Revolte" ("The Rebel"), published in 1951, was remarkably perceptive about the evils of Stalinism. It also led to his falling-out with Sartre, who at the time was still defending the Soviet Union and refusing to condemn the gulags.
Camus left Algeria for mainland France, but Algeria never left him. As the anti-colonial rebellion took hold in the 1950s, his refusal to join the bien pensant call for independence was considered an act of treason by the French left. Even as terror struck Algiers, Camus was vainly urging a federal solution, with a place for French settlers. When he famously declared that "I believe in justice, but I will defend my mother before justice," he was denounced as a colonial apologist. Nearly 40 years later, Mr Lenzini tracked down the Algerian former student who provoked that comment at a press conference. He now confesses that, at the time, he had read none of Camus's work, and was later "shocked" and humbled to come across the novelist's extensive reporting on Arab poverty.
The public recognition that achieved in his lifetime never quite compensated for the wounds of rejection and disdain from those he had thought friends. He suffered cruelly at the hands of Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir and their snobbish, jealous literary clique, whose savage public assassination of Camus after the publication of "The Rebel" left deep scars. "You may have been poor once, but you aren't anymore," Sartre lashed out in print.
"He would remain an outsider in this world of letters, confined to existential purgatory," writes Mr Lenzini: "He was not part of it. He never would be. And they would never miss the chance to let him know that."They accepted him, says Mr Tanase, "as long as he yielded to their authority." What Sartre and his friends could not forgive was the stubborn independent-mindedness which, today, makes Camus appear so morally lucid, humane and resolutely modern.
A. ¾îÈÖ
combat ½Î¿ì´Ù, ÀüÅõ. death penalty »çÇü, пúý(±ØÇü).
totalitarian ÀüüÁÖÀÇÀÇ. rebel ¹Ý¿ª, ¹Ý¶õ. perceptive Êïò±(°¨Áö)ÇÏ´Â, Áö°¢ÀÌ ¿¹¹ÎÇÑ.
falling-out ºÒÈ, ½Î¿ò. condemn ºñ³ÇÏ´Ù. gulags °Á¦ ¼ö¿ë¼Ò.
anti-colonial Úã½Ä¹ÎÁÖÀÇÀÇ. hold ¼¼·Â, íæäÄ(Àå¾Ç).
bien pensant Á¤ÅëÆÄÀûÀÎ ¡´ right-thinking, orthodox, conformist. ¡µ
treason ¹Ý¿ª. Algiers ¾ËÁ¦¸® ¼öµµ.
vainly ÇêµÇÀÌ, ¾µµ¥¾øÀÌ. federal ¿¬¹æÀÇ.
denounce ºñ³ÇÏ´Ù, °ø°ÝÇÏ´Ù, Ь÷¥(±Ôź)ÇÏ´Ù.
colonial apologist ½Ä¹ÎÁö ¿ËÈ£·ÐÀÚ. provoke ¼±µ¿ÇÏ´Ù, ¾à ¿Ã¸®´Ù, µµ¹ßÇÏ´Ù.
press conference ±âÀÚȸ°ß. confess °í¹éÇÏ´Ù.
humble °â¼ÕÇÏ´Ù. extensive ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ. compensate º¸»óÇÏ´Ù.
rejection °ÅºÎ. disdain °æ¸ê, Ù¡ãÊ(¸ê½Ã). snobbish áÔÚªîÜ(¼Ó¹°Àû)ÀÎ.
clique ÝÛÓÚ(ºØ´ç), ÓùÓÚ(µµ´ç). assassination ¾Ï»ì.
scar »óó, ß¿ýÝ(»óÈç). lash ºñ³À» ÆÛº×´Ù, ¸ÅÁúÇÏ´Ù.
letters ¹®ÇÐ. confine °¡µÎ´Ù, ±¸±ÝÇÏ´Ù, Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Ù, ÇÑÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù.
existential ½ÇÁ¸ÁÖÀÇÀÇ, Á¸ÀçÀÇ. purgatory æÖè«(¿¬¿Á).
stubborn ¿Ï°íÇÑ, °íÁý ¼¾. lucid ºû³ª´Â, Åõ¸íÇÑ, ò±ÊÆ(Áö°¢)ÀÌ Á¤»óÀÎ.
resolutely È®°íÇϰÔ.
B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
¿ª»ç´Â Camus°¡ 20¼¼±âÀÇ ¸¹Àº µµ´öÀû ¹®Á¦¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ ¿ÇÀº ÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ¾úÀ½À» Áõ¸íÇÑ´Ù. ±×´Â ³ªÄ¡¿Í ½Î¿ì±â À§ÇØ ÇÁ¶û½º ÀúÇ׿¿¡ °¡´ãÇÏ¿© ÁöÇϽŹ® ¡°Combat¡±¡´ÀüÅõ¡µ¸¦ ÆíÁýÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â »çÇü¹Ý´ë ¿îµ¿À» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÇÑ ¶§ °ø»êÁÖÀÇÀÚ¿´´ø ±×ÀÇ 1951³â¿¡ ÃâÆÇµÈ Úã ÀüüÁÖÀÇ ÀÛǰ LHomme Revolte¡´¹Ý¿ªÀÚ¡µ´Â ½ºÅ»¸°ÁÖÀÇÀÇ ä¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´ë´ÜÈ÷ ¿¹¹ÎÇÑ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸¿´´Ù. ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇØ¼ ´ç½Ã¿¡ ¼Ò·ÃÀ» ¿ËÈ£ÇÏ°í °Á¦¼ö¿ë¼Ò¸¦ ºñ¹ÝÇϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇϰí ÀÖ´ø Sartre¿ÍÀÇ ºÒȸ¦ ÀÏÀ¸Ä×´Ù.
Camus´Â ¾ËÁ¦¸®¸¦ ¶°³ª ÇÁ¶û½º º»Åä·Î °¬Áö¸¸ ¾ËÁ¦¸®´Â °áÄÚ ±×¸¦ ¶°³ªÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. 1950³â´ë¿¡ ¹Ý½Ä¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ¹Ý¶õÀÌ ¼¼·ÂÀ» Àå¾ÇÇϰí ÀÖÀ» ¶§¿¡ µ¶¸³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ÅëÀû ¿ä±¸ÀÇ ¼Ò¸®¿¡ µ¿ÂüÇϱ⸦ °ÅºÎÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ±×´Â ÇÁ¶û½º ÁÂÆÄ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ¼ ¹Ý¿ªÀÚ·Î °£ÁֵǾú´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î Algiers°¡ Å×·¯°ø°ÝÀ» ´çÇÏ¿´À» ¶§µµ ±×´Â ¾ËÁ¦¸®ÀÇ ÇÁ¶û½ºÀÎ Áֹο¡°Ô ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ÁöÀ§¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â ¿¬¹æÁ¦ ÇØ°áÃ¥À» ÇêµÇÀÌ Ã˱¸Çϰí ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ¡°Àú´Â Á¤ÀǸ¦ ¹ÏÁö¸¸ Á¤ÀÇÀÌÀü¿¡ ¾î¸Ó´ÏºÎÅÍ ÁöŰ°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.¡±¶ó°í ¼±¾ðÇÏ¿´À» ¶§ ±×´Â ½Ä¹ÎÁö ¿ËÈ£·ÐÀÚ·Î ±ÔźÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×·ÎºÎÅÍ 40³â ÈÄ¿¡ Lenzini´Â ±âÀÚȸ°ß¿¡¼ ÀÌ·± µµ¹ßÀûÀÎ ¸»À» ÇÑ ±×ÀÇ ¾ËÁ¦¸® Á¦ÀÚ¸¦ ÃßÀûÇÏ¿´´Ù. Lenzini´Â ´ç½Ã¿¡ CamusÀÇ ÀÛǰÀ» ÇÑ ±Çµµ ÀÐÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ¸¸ç ÈÄ¿¡ ¾Æ¶øÀεéÀÇ °¡³¿¡ ´ëÇÑ CamusÀÇ ±¤¹üÀ§ÇÑ º¸µµ¸¦ ïÈ(Á¢)Çϰí Ãæ°ÝÀ» ¹Þ°í °â¼ÕÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù°í °í¹éÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
Camus°¡ »ýÀü¿¡ ¹ÞÀº ´ëÁßÀÇ ÀÎÁ¤Àº ±×°¡ Ä£±¸·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´´ø »ç¶÷µé·ÎºÎÅÍ ¹ÞÀº °ÅºÎ¿Í °æ¸êÀÇ »óó¸¦ º¸»óÇØ ÁÖÁö ¸øÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â Sartre¿Í Simone de Beauvoir ¹× ±×µéÀÇ ¼Ó¹°ÀûÀ̰í ÁúÅõ½É¿¡ Âù Ä£±¸µé¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÜÀÎÇÏ°Ô °íÅë´çÇÏ¿´°í À̵éÀÇ (The Rebel¸¦ õóÊÊ(Ãâ°£)ÇÑ ÈÄÀÇ) Camus¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ø°³ÀûÀÌ°í ¾ß¸¸ÀûÀÎ ¾Ï»ìÇàÀ§´Â ±íÀº »óó¸¦ ³²°å´Ù. Sartre ´Â ½Å¹®¿¡¼ ¡°´ç½ÅÀº ÇÑ ¶§´Â °¡³ÇÏ¿´À»Áö´Â ¸ð¸£Áö¸¸ Áö±ÝÀº ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.¡±¶ó¸ç ½ÉÇÑ ¸ÅÁúÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
¡°±×´Â ½ÇÁ¸ÁÖÀÇÀÇ ¿¬¿Á¿¡ °¤Çô¼ ¹®Çм¼°èÀÇ ±¹¿ÜÀÚ·Î ³²¾Æ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×´Â ±× ¼¼°èÀÇ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â °áÄÚ ±×·¸°Ô µÇÁö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×°¡ ±× Á¡À» ¾Ëµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ±âȸ¸¦ ³õÄ¡Áö ¾ÊÀ¸·Á°í ÇÏ¿´´Ù.¡±¶ó°í Lenzini´Â ±â¼úÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¡°±×°¡ ±×µéÀÇ ±ÇÀ§¿¡ ±¼Á¾ÇÒ ¶§¸¸ ¡±±×¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æµé¿´´Ù¶ó°í Tanase´Â ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. Sartre ¿Í ±×ÀÇ Ä£±¸µéÀÌ ¿ë¼ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´ø °ÍÀº ¿À´Ã³¯ Camus¸¦ µµ´öÀûÀ¸·Î Åõ¸íÇϰí Àΰ£ÀûÀ̸ç È®°íÇÏ°Ô Çö´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé°í ÀÖ´Â Á¤½ÅÀÇ ¿Ï°ÇÑ µ¶¸³À̾ú´Ù.
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