Frederic Chopin ¨è

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The only exception was a volatile affair with George Sand, a domineering, chain-smoking French novelist five years his senior, which began hesitantly in 1838. She became captivated by this angelic "little creature". They lived together with her two children, travelled to Spain and blissfully whiled away their time at Sand's ancestral property at Nohant. The affair unravelled acrimoniously in 1847. How long their relationship was physical is contested Chopin struggled with intimacy. His passionate letters to male friends from his youth, and a marked facility for male company, suggest a latent homosexuality.
Chopin's decrepit health reinforced his emotional trauma. His life was routinely punctured by bouts of infection, tuberculosis, severe anxiety, toothache and influenza. It is even possible he had undiagnosed cystic fibrosis. Such frailty at least provided more time for composition he avoided the strenuous concert hall whenever he could.
Chopin was at the vanguard of Romantic music, but his own musical tastes were conservative. Where Felix Mendelssohn and Liszt were lionised, Chopin preferred Bach and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. He refused to imbue his music with a patriotic mission or himself with any grand purpose, preferring art for art's sake. He was also uncomfortable with the muscular nationalism other musicians were embracing. Once settled in Paris from 1831 he never returned to his native Poland. Sand thought him backwards and bigoted in everything but music.
Chopin fled Paris in 1848 to escape the revolution, and toured England and Scotland. The stress of travel enervated him completely, and his creative spirit shrivelled. "Why does God not kill me straight away?" he wrote plaintively. The end came soon. On his return to Paris he began coughing up blood. He died, lonely and sad, emitting "horrifying sobs", in October 1849 yet his lavish funeral in Paris drew thousands of mourners.

A. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
exception ¿¹¿Ü. volatile º¯´ö½º·¯¿î, ýÆÛ¡àõ(Èֹ߼º)ÀÇ, Æø¹ßÇϱ⠽¬¿î.
domineering °Å¸¸ÇÑ, üôøÛ(ȾÆ÷)ÇÑ. senior æÄß¾(¿¬»ó), ¼±¹è.
captivate ³ÌÀ» »©¾Ñ´Ù, ¸ÅȤÇÏ´Ù. blissfully ´õ ¾øÀÌ ÇູÇϰÔ.
while away ½Ã°£À» ºóµÕºóµÕ º¸³»´Ù. ancestral ðÓß¾(Á¶»ó)ÀÇ.
property á¶êóò¢(¼ÒÀ¯Áö). unravel ½ÇÀ» Ç®´Ù, ÇØ¸íÇÏ´Ù, ³¡±îÁö ¹àÈ÷´Ù.
acrimoniously ½Å¶öÇϰÔ, °Ý·ÄÇϰÔ, µ¶±â ÀÖ´Â.
contest ´ÙÅõ´Ù, °æÀïÇÏ´Ù, °Ü·ç´Ù.
intimacy Ä£¹ÐÇÔÀÇ Ç¥Çö, »ç¹°¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Áö½Ä, °£Åë.
facility ¿ëÀÌÇÔ, ´É¶õÇÔ, ½Ã¼³. latent Àáº¹ÇØ ÀÖ´Â.
decrepit ³ë¼èÇÑ. routinely ß¾ÖÇ(»ó·Ê)ÀûÀ¸·Î. puncture ¸ÁÃijõ´Ù, ¸ø¾²°Ô ¸¸µé´Ù.
bout ¹ßÀÛ. infection Àü¿°º´, °¨¿°. tuberculosis °áÇÙ.
undiagnosed Áø´ÜµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº. cystic fibrosis Ò¥øààõ(³¶Æ÷¼º) ¼¶À¯Áõ.
frailty ¾àÇÔ. strenuous ÈûÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ µå´Â, ºÐÅõÇÏ´Â.
vanguard ¼±±¸ÀÚ, ¼±ºÀ. conservative º¸¼öÀûÀÎ.
lionise Ãß¾î¿Ã¸®´Ù, ¸í»çÃë±ÞÇÏ´Ù. imbue °íÃëÇÏ´Ù, ¹°µéÀÌ´Ù.
muscular °­°ÇÇÑ, ±ÙÀ°ÀÇ. bigoted ¿Ï°íÇÑ.
enervate ±â·ÂÀ» »©¾Ñ´Ù, Çã¾àÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù. shrivel ¸»¶óÁ×´Ù, ÁÖ¸§Áö´Ù.
plaintively ±¸½½ÇÁ°Ô, Çϼҿ¬ÇϵíÀÌ. emit ³»»Õ´Ù, ¹ßÇÏ´Ù.
lavish ³¶ºñÇÏ´Â, »çÄ¡½º·¯¿î. mourner äîÓúíº(¾ÖµµÀÚ), ðÀÙýËÔ(Á¶¹®°´).

B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
À¯ÀÏÇÑ ¿¹¿Ü´Â 5³â æÄß¾(¿¬»ó)ÀÌ°í °Å¸¸ÇÏ¸ç º¯´ö½º·¯¿î ÁÙ´ã¹è¸¦ Å¿ì´Â ÇÁ¶û½º ¼Ò¼³°¡ George Sand Àε¥ À̵éÀÇ °ü°è´Â 1838³â¿¡ ½ÃÀ۵Ǿú´Ù. ±×³à´Â ÀÌ Ãµ»ç °°Àº ¡°¾î¸° »ç¶÷¡±¿¡°Ô ³ÌÀ» »©¾Ñ°å´Ù. ±×µéÀº ±×³àÀÇ µÎ ¾ÆÀÌ¿Í ÇÔ²² »ì¾Ò°í ½ºÆäÀÎÀ¸·Î ¿©ÇàÀ» ÇÏ¿´À¸¸ç Nohant¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Sand Á¶»óÀÇ ¼ÒÀ¯Áö¿¡¼­ ´õ ¾øÀÌ ÇູÇÏ°Ô ½Ã°£À» º¸³Â´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ ¿¬¾Ö´Â 1847³â¿¡ ¾²µð ¾´ Ì¿ØÇ(°á¸»)¿¡ À̸£·¶´Ù. ±×µéÀÇ °ü°è°¡ ¾ó¸¶µ¿¾ÈÀ̳ª À°Ã¼ÀûÀ̾ú´ÂÁö´Â ³íÀïÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ChopinÀº Ä£¹ÐÇØÁö·Á°í ¸¹Àº ³ë·ÂÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀþÀ» ¶§ ³²ÀÚÄ£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸³½ ±×ÀÇ ¿­Á¤ÀûÀÎ ÆíÁö³ª ³²ÀÚµé°ú Àß »ç±Í´Â ±×ÀÇ ´É·ÂÀº ±×¿¡°Ô ÀáÀçÀû µ¿¼º¾ÖÀû °æÇâÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ï½ÃÇÑ´Ù.
ChopinÀÇ ¼è¾àÇØÁø °Ç°­Àº ±×ÀÇ Á¤¼­Àû »óó¸¦ ´õ¿í ´õ ¾ÇÈ­½ÃÄ×´Ù. ±×ÀÇ »îÀº ¹ßÀÛÀûÀÎ èÂÜ»(¿Íº´), °áÇÙ, Ȥ½ÉÇÑ ºÒ¾È, Ä¡Åë°ú µ¶°¨À¸·Î ¸Á°¡Á® °¬´Ù. ±×´Â ½ÉÁö¾î ¹ÌÁø´Ü ³¶Æ÷¼º ¼¶À¯ÁõÀ» ¾Î¾ÒÀ» °¡´É¼ºµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ½ÅüÀû Çã¾àÀº Àû¾îµµ ±×¿¡°Ô ÀÛ°îÇÒ ½Ã°£À» ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ÁÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×´Â °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù¸é ¿¬ÁÖȸ Âü¼®À» ÇÇÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ChopinÀº ³¶¸¸ÁÖÀÇ À½¾ÇÀÇ ¼±±¸ÀÚ¿´Áö¸¸ ±× ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ À½¾ÇÀû ÃëÇâÀº º¸¼öÀûÀ̾ú´Ù.
Felix Mendelssohn °ú Liszt°¡ Âù¾ç¹Þ´Â ³ª¶ó¿¡¼­ ±×´Â Bach¿Í Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart¸¦ ¼±È£ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿¹¼úÀ» À§ÇÑ ¿¹¼úÀ» ¼±È£ÇÑ ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ À½¾ÇÀ» ¾Ö±¹ÀûÀÎ »ç¸í°¨À¸·Î óôßä(ä»ö)Çϰųª Àڽſ¡°Ô ¿ø´ëÇÑ ¸ñÀûÀǽÄÀ» ºÒ¾î³Ö±â¸¦ °ÅºÎÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ À½¾Ç°¡µéÀÌ ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̰í ÀÖ´ø °­ÀÎÇÑ ¹ÎÁ·ÁÖÀÇ¿¡µµ ºÒÆíÇÔÀ» ´À²¼´Ù. 1831³â ÆÄ¸®¿¡ Á¤ÂøÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ·Î ±×´Â ±×ÀÇ ðÓÏÐ(Á¶±¹) Poland·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Sand ´Â ±×°¡ À½¾Ç ¿Ü¿¡´Â ¸ðµç ¸é¿¡¼­ ÈÄÁøÀûÀÌ°í °íÁýºÒÅëÀ̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
ChopinÀº 1848³â Çõ¸íÀ» ÇÇÇØ ÆÄ¸®¿¡¼­ µµÇÇÇÏ¿© England¿Í Scotland¸¦ ¿©ÇàÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¿©ÇàÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ ½ºÆ®·¹½º ¶§¹®¿¡ ±×´Â ±â·ÂÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ »ó½ÇÇÏ¿´°í ±×ÀÇ Ã¢Á¶Àû Á¤½ÅÀº ¸»¶ó Á×°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¡°ãêÀº ³ª¸¦ ¿Ö ¹Ù·Î Á×ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â°¡?¡±¶ó°í ±×´Â ±¸½½ÇÁ°Ô ½è´Ù. °ð Á¾¸»ÀÌ ´Ù°¡ ¿Ô´Ù. ÆÄ¸®¿¡ µ¹¾Æ¿ÀÀÚ ¸»ÀÚ ±×´Â ËÓúì(°´Ç÷)À» Çϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´´Ù. 1849³â 10¿ù, ±×´Â ¡°¹«¼·µµ·Ï Èå´À³¢¸é¼­¡± ½½ÇÁ°íµµ ¿Ü·Ó°Ô Á×¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±×ÀÇ È­·ÁÇÑ Àå·Ê½ÄÀº ¼ö¸¹Àº ¾ÖµµÀÚµéÀ» ²ø¾îµé¿´´Ù.
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