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Fish-eye lenses
According to Dr Crawford, DHA¡¯s first job was to convert light into electricity in single-celled organisms. This gave them a crude form of vision, allowing them to move in response to light and shade, but also brought into biology a way of controlling electrical potential. If organisms are to be multicellular, cells must be able to talk to each other. Electrical potentials, the basis of every nervous system, are one way of doing this. And DHA was the enabler.
The molecule is certainly ubiquitous. Some 600m years after animals became multicellular, more than half of the fatty-acid molecules in the light-sensitive cells of the human eye are still DHA, and the proportion of DHA in the synapses of the brain is not far short of that, despite the fact that similar molecules are far more readily available. Indeed, Dr Crawford thinks that a shortage of DHA is a long-term evolutionary theme. The molecule is most famously found in fatty fish. He suggests this might explain why, for example, dolphins have brains that weigh 1.8kg whereas zebra brains weigh only 350g, even though the two species have similar body sizes. Furthermore, he argues that the dramatic increase of the size of the brains of humanity¡¯s ancestors that happened about 6m years ago was not because apes came out of the trees to hunt on the savannahs, but because they arrived at the coast and found a ready supply of DHA in fish.
Not everyone, it must be said, agrees with this interpretation of history. For one thing, humanity¡¯s ancestors do not seem to have been exclusively coastal. What they do agree about, though, is that substituting DHA with other, superficially similar molecules is a bad idea.
A. ¾îÈÖ
fish-eye lenses åàäÑ(¾î¾È)·»Áî. convert ܨüµ(º¯È¯)½ÃŰ´Ù.
single-celled organisms Ó¤á¬øà(´Ü¼¼Æ÷) »ý¹°.
crude Á¶ÀâÇÑ, Åõ¹ÚÇÑ. biology ¾î¶² Áö¿ªÀÇ »ý¹°Àüü, »ýÅÂ, »ý¹°ÇÐ.
potential °¡´É¼º, ÀáÀç·Â, ï³êÈ(ÀüÀ§). multicellular Òýá¬øà(´Ù¼¼Æ÷)ÀÇ.
molecule ºÐÀÚ. ubiquitous ø¼î¤(ÆíÀç)ÇÏ´Â, µÎ·ç ÆÛÁ®ÀÖ´Â.
light-sensitive cells ÊïÎÃ(°¨±¤)¼¼Æ÷. proportion ºñÀ².
synapses ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ ææïÈÝ»(¿¬Á¢ºÎ). short of ºÎÁ·ÇÑ.
available ÀÌ¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ, À¯¿ëÇÑ. zebra ¾ó·è¸». ancestors à»ðÓ(¼±Á¶).
savannah õ®ê«(ÃÊ¿ø). interpretation ÇØ¼®.
exclusively À¯ÀÏÇϰÔ, ¹èŸÀûÀ¸·Î, µ¶Á¡ÀûÀ¸·Î.
substitute ´ëüÇÏ´Ù, ´ë¸®ÇÏ´Ù.
B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
Dr Crawford¿¡ ÀÇÇϸé DHAÀÇ Ã¹ ¹øÂ° ÀÓ¹«´Â ´Ü¼¼Æ÷ »ý¹° ¾È¿¡¼ ºûÀ» Àü±â·Î º¯È¯½ÃŰ´Â °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ´Ü¼¼Æ÷ »ý¹°µé¿¡°Ô Á¶ÀâÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ½Ã°¢À» ºÎ¿©ÇÏ¿©¼ ºû°ú ¾îµÎ¿ò¿¡ ¹ÝÀÀÇÏ¿© ¿òÁ÷ÀÌ´Â °ÍÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´À» »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó »ý¹°µé¿¡°Ô ï³êÈ(ÀüÀ§)¸¦ ÅëÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±æÀ» ¿¾îÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ¸¸¾à »ý¸íüµéÀÌ ´Ù¼¼Æ÷»ý¹°ÀÌ µÇ·Á¸é ¼¼Æ÷µéÀÌ ¼·Î ¼·Î ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÀÌ °¡´ÉÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç ½Å°æ¼¼Æ÷ÀÇ Ðñî¼(±âÀú)ÀÎ ï³êÈ(ÀüÀ§)´Â À̰ÍÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ¼ö´ÜÀÌ µÈ´Ù. ±×¸®°í DHA°¡ ÀÇ»ç¼ÒÅëÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¿´´Ù.
DHAºÐÀÚ´Â ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÆíÀçÇÑ´Ù. µ¿¹°µéÀÌ ´Ù¼¼Æ÷ »ý¹°ÀÌ µÈÁö 6¾ï³â ÈÄÀÎ ÇöÀç¿¡µµ Àΰ£ÀÇ ´«ÀÇ °¨±¤¼¼Æ÷¿¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â Áö¹æ»ê ºÐÀÚÀÇ Àý¹ÝÀÌ»óÀÌ DHAÀ̸ç, DHA¿Í À¯»çÇÑ ºÐÀÚµéÀÌ ÈξÀ ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ À̿밡´ÉÇѵ¥µµ ÒÝ(³ú)½Å°æÁ¢ÇպΠ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â DHAÀÇ ºñÀ²Àº Àý¹Ý ÀÌ»óÀÌ´Ù. Dr Crawford´Â DHAÀÇ °áÇÌÀÌ ÁøÈÀÇ Àå±âÀûÀÎ ÁÖÁ¦¶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. DHAºÐÀÚ´Â ±â¸§±â°¡ ¸¹Àº »ý¼±¿¡ °¡Àå ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ß°ßµÈ´Ù. ±×´Â µ¹°í·¡¿Í ¾ó·è¸»Àº ¸öÀÇ Å©±â°¡ ºñ½ÁÇÏÁö¸¸ ¾ó·è¸»ÀÇ ³úÀÇ ¹«°Ô´Â °Ü¿ì 350gÀÎ ¹Ý¸é¿¡ µ¹°í·¡´Â ¹«°Ô°¡ 1.8kgÀÌ ³ª°¡´Â ³ú¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÌÀ¯´Â À̰Í〈µ¹°í·¡ÀÇ ñ«ãÝ(ÁÖ½Ä)ÀÌ »ý¼±À̶ó´Â °Í〉 ¶§¹®À̶ó°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ÇѰÉÀ½ ´õ³ª°¡¼ ±×´Â ¾à 6¹é¸¸ ³â Àü¿¡ ÀηùÁ¶»óÀÇ ³úÀÇ Å©±â°¡ ±ØÀûÀ¸·Î Áõ°¡ÇÏ°ÔµÈ °ÍÀº ëºìÑê»(À¯Àοø)µéÀÌ ½£¿¡¼ ³ª¿Í¼ »ç¹Ù³ª¿¡¼ »ç³ÉÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í ±×µéÀÌ ÇØ¾È¿¡ µµ´ÞÇÏ¿© »ý¼±¿¡ ùßêó(ÇÔÀ¯)µÈ DHA¸¦ ½±°Ô ¸ÔÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®À̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿ª»çÇØ¼®¿¡ ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ µ¿ÀÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ¾ð±ÞÇØ¾ß°Ú´Ù. ù°·Î ÀηùÀÇ Á¶»óÀÌ ÇØ¾È¿¡¼¸¸ »ýȰÇÑ °Í °°Áö´Â ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ç¶÷µéÀÌ µ¿ÀÇÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº DHA¸¦ °Ñº¸±â¿¡´Â À¯»çÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ ºÐÀÚ·Î ´ëüÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀº »ý°¢Àº ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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