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Joseph Hibbeln, a researcher at America¡¯s National Institutes of Health, has been looking at the supply to babies of DHA from breast milk and at genetic variation in the ability to produce this molecule from other omega-3s. A study that began in the early 1990s has shown that children who are breastfed have the same range of IQs, regardless of whether they have the ability to make their own DHA. In the case of those fed on formula milk low in DHA, though, children without the DHA-making ability had an average IQ 7.8 points lower than those with it.
Nor is intelligence the only thing affected by a lack of DHA. There is also a body of data linking omega-3 deficiencies to violent behaviour. Countries whose citizens eat more fish (which is rich in DHA) are less prone to depression, suicide and murder. And new research by Dr Hibbeln shows that low levels of DHA are a risk factor for suicide among American servicemen and women. Actual suicides had significantly lower levels of DHA in the most recent routine blood sample taken before they killed themselves than did comparable personnel who remained alive. More worryingly, 95% of American troops have DHA levels that these results suggest put them at risk of suicide.
America¡¯s department of defence has taken note. It will soon unveil a programme to supplement the diets of soldiers with omega-3s. The country¡¯s Food and Drug Administration may change one of its policies, too. Thomas Brenna, a professor of nutrition at Cornell University, has written a letter (co-signed by many of the scientists at the meeting) urging the agency to revise its advice to pregnant and fertile women that they limit their consumption of fish. This advice, promulgated in 2004, was intended to protect fetuses from the malign effects of methyl mercury, which accumulates in fish such as tuna. The signatories argue that this effect is greatly outweighed by the DHA-related benefits of eating fatty fish.
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¹Ì±¹ ±¹¸³°Ç°¿¬±¸¼ÒÀÇ Joseph Hibbeln´Â ¸ðÀ¯¿¡¼ ³ª¿À´Â DHA ¸¦ ¾Æ±â¿¡°Ô ¸ÔÀÌ´Â °Í°ú ´Ù¸¥ ¿À¸Þ°¡-3À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ DHA ºÐÀÚ¸¦ »ý»êÇÏ´Â ´É·Â¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ÀÇ À¯ÀüÀÚ º¯À̸¦ °üÂûÇØ ¿À°í ÀÖ´Ù. 1990³â´ë Ãʱ⿡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ¿¬±¸´Â ¸ðÀ¯¸¦ ¸ÔÀÎ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ½º½º·Î DHA¸¦ »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´É·Â¿¡ °ü°è¾øÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¹üÀ§ÀÇ IQ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª DHA ùßÕá(ÇÔ·®)ÀÌ ³·Àº ÀÌÀ¯½ÄÀ» ¸ÔÀº ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â DHA¸¦ ¸¸µå´Â ´É·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Â ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ±× ´É·ÂÀ» °¡Áø ¾ÆÀ̵麸´Ùµµ IQ Æò±ÕÀÌ 7.8Á¡ ³·¾Ò´Ù.
DHA°áÇÌÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â °ÍÀº Áö´É¸¸ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿À¸Þ°¡-3 °áÇÌÀº Æø·ÂÀûÀÎ Çൿ°úµµ °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ÀÚ·áµµ ¸¹´Ù. DHA°¡ ù¥Ý£(dzºÎ)ÇÏ°Ô µé¾î ÀÖ´Â »ý¼±À» ¸¹ÀÌ ¸Ô´Â ³ª¶óÀÇ ±¹¹ÎÀÌ ¿ì¿ïÁõ°ú ÀÚ»ì°ú »ìÀÎÀÇ °æÇâÀÌ ´õ Àû´Ù. Dr HibbelnÀÇ »õ·Î¿î ¿¬±¸´Â ³·Àº ¼öÁØÀÇ DHA¼·Ãë°¡ Ú¸ÏÚ(¹Ì±º)µéÀÇ ÀÚ»ìÀÇ À§Çè¿äÀÎÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦·Î ÀÚ»ìÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀº ÀÚ»ìÇϱâ Àü¿¡ äÃëÇÑ Ç÷¾× ¼ÓÀÇ DHA³óµµ´Â »ì¾Æ ³²Àº »ç¶÷µé º¸´Ù »ó´ëÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Å¿ì ³·¾Ò´Ù. ´õ¿í °ÆÁ¤½º·¯¿î °ÍÀº, ¹Ì±ºÀÇ 95%´Â ¿¬±¸°á°ú°¡ À§ÇèÇÏ´Ù°í ÆÇ´ÜÇÏ´Â DHA³óµµ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ±¹¹æºÎ°¡ ÁÖ¸ñÀ» ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±¹¹æºÎ´Â º´»çµéÀÇ ½Ä´Ü¿¡ ¿À¸Þ°¡-3 À» º¸ÃæÇÒ °èȹÀ» °ð °ø°³ÇÒ ¿¹Á¤ÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ì±¹ÀÇ ½ÄǰÀǾàû(FDA)µµ Á¤Ã¥ ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¸¦ º¯°æÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Cornell´ëÇÐÀÇ ¿µ¾çÇÐ ±³¼öÀÎ Thomas Brenna´Â FDA¿¡ ÀÓ½ÅºÎ¿Í ¼öÅÂÇÑ ¿©¼º¿¡°Ô »ý¼±¼Òºñ¸¦ Á¦ÇÑÇ϶ó°í ±Ç°íÇÏ´Â Á¤Ã¥À» ¼öÁ¤ÇÒ °ÍÀ» Ã˱¸ÇÏ´Â ÆíÁö(¸¹Àº °úÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ °øµ¿À¸·Î ¼¸íÇÑ)¸¦ ½è´Ù. 2004³â¿¡ °øÇ¥µÈ ÀÌ ±Ç°í´Â ÂüÄ¡¿Í °°Àº »ý¼±¿¡ ÃàÀûµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ¸ÞÆ¿¼öÀºÀÇ ¾Ç¼ºÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ Å¾Ƹ¦ º¸È£Çϱâ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ̾ú´Ù. ¼¸íÀÚµéÀº Áö¹æÀÌ ¸¹Àº »ý¼±À» ¸Ô´Â °ÍÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò¾îÁö´Â DHAÀ̵æÀº ÀÌ·± ¾Ç¼º ¿µÇ⺸´Ùµµ ÈξÀ ´õ Å©´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÑ´Ù.
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