[A special report on Egypt] A slow learning curve ¨è

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Yet those statistics from half a century ago do reveal a few differences that may be instructive. In South Korea the number of children born per woman was falling fast. Population growth was slowing, propelling the country into a happy phase known as the demographic transition, when the population pyramid begins to shrink at the base and widen in the middle, causing a bulge in the working-age population and a relative decline in the number of dependants.
Egypt caught up with this trend only in the 1990s as its people started having smaller families after decades of high fertility. Its population pyramid has become dome-shaped and is slowly turning into a pear. Between 2000 and 2007 the number of dependants per 100 working-age Egyptians fell from 69 to 55, according to government statistics. That augurs well for the future and may help to explain why Egypt remained relatively unscathed by the global financial crisis of 2007-08. The biggest groups now are not children but youths aged 15-25. They are ambitious and hungry for consumer goods, often of the expensive and one-off kind needed to establish a new household.
South Korea and Egypt differ in another important respect. Fifty years ago, when South Korea¡¯s adult literacy rate was already 71%, Egypt¡¯s trailed at a dismal 25%. With 72% now, Egypt has only just passed South Korea¡¯s level of 1960. That has had serious repercussions. According to a government-commissioned study, one reason why poverty has endured, despite Egypt¡¯s rapid growth, is that too few people have the skills to exploit the opportunities available to them. Egyptian businessmen complain that a shortage of talented workers is one of the biggest obstacles to growth, second only to obstructive bureaucracy. Lawyers fume that it is not just too many laws and too few courts that tangle justice, but clueless judges and incompetent clerks.

A. ¾îÈÖ
statistics Åë°è. reveal µå·¯³»´Ù, Æø·ÎÇÏ´Ù, ÌöãÆ(°è½Ã)ÇÏ´Ù.
instructive ±³ÈÆÀûÀÎ. phase ¹ß´ÞÀÇ Ó«Í­(´Ü°è), ±¹¸é.
demographic Àα¸ÇÐÀÇ. transition ܨì¹(º¯ÀÌ), º¯Ãµ.
shrink-shrank-shrunk/shruken ¿À±×¶óµé´Ù. bulge ÆØÃ¢, ¿ì¼¼, ºÎǬ °Í.
dependants ºÎ¾ç°¡Á·, ãÝËÔ(½Ä°´). fertility Ãâ»ê·Â, Ýþèª(ºñ¿Á), Òýß§(´Ù»ê).
dome µÕ±Ù õÀå, µÕ±Ù õÀå, ÚâϹû¡(¹Ý±¸Çü)ÀÇ µ¤°³.
pear ¹è. augur Á¡Ä¡´Ù, ¿¹¾ðÇÏ´Ù, Á¡ÀïÀÌ, ¿¹¾ðÀÚ.
unscathed ´ÙÄ¡Áö ¾Ê´Â, »óó¸¦ ÀÔÁö ¾Ê´Â. financial crisis ±ÝÀ¶À§±â.
one-off 1ȸ ÇÑ, ÇÑ »ç¶÷À» À§ÇÑ °Í. household °¡Á·, ʫϢ(°¡±¸).
respect Á¡, ¼¼¸ñ. literacy rate ¹®ÀÚÇØµæ·ü.
trail ÁúÁú ²ø´Ù, µÚ¿¡¼­ µû¶ó°¡´Ù. dismal ºñÂüÇÑ, ¿ì¿ïÇÑ.
repercussions ¹ÝÇâ, ¹Ýµ¿, ¿µÇâ. commission êÍõ¶(À§ÃË)ÇÏ´Ù, À§ÀÓÇÏ´Ù.
endure Áö¼ÓÇÏ´Ù, Àγ»ÇÏ´Ù. exploit ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Ù, °³Ã´ÇÏ´Ù, ÂøÃëÇÏ´Ù.
obstacle Àå¾Ö, ¹æÇع°. obstructive ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â.
bureaucracy °ü·áÁ¦µµ. fume ³ë¹ß´ë¹ßÇÏ´Ù, ¿¬±â°¡ ³ª´Ù.
tangle ¾ûŰ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, È¥¶õÄÉ ÇÏ´Ù. clueless ÇÒ ÁÙ ¸ð¸£´Â, ¾ÆÁÖ ¸ÛûÇÑ.
incompetent ¹«´ÉÇÑ.

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