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A growing number of countries, most notably China but also Russia and the Gulf states, are using business as an instrument of state power. And some of the world’s biggest companies, including most of the largest oil firms, are state-run, driven by political as much as economic considerations.
China is the leading offender, using state companies to snap up a growing share of the world’s natural resources. It is also using its state-industrial complex to pursue political goals. Google was forced to re-route its servers when it refused to censor e-mails. Four Rio Tinto executives were imprisoned in dubious circumstances. China is not alone: BP’s new partnership with Rosneft, Russia’s state-controlled oil giant, to develop Russia’s Arctic region is complicated by murky political considerations.
Political risks can also bite Western companies at home, where governments are increasingly vigilant about corruption. The Obama administration is enforcing the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act with an evangelical zeal—and employing techniques once reserved for fighting organised crime. The British government is introducing tough anti-bribery measures. Executives who adopt what they regard as “local” rules in Thailand or Indonesia can find themselves facing prison sentences back home.
How do companies cope? There are no simple rules. Countries that are cavalierly lumped together as emerging markets have very different political regimes. In Brazil you need to understand Congress’s multi-party alliances in China the power dynamics of the Communist Party in Saudi Arabia the internal relations of the ruling family. Local politics add yet more complexity.

A. 어휘
the Gulf 중동지역. instrument 도구. state power 국가권력.
state-run 國營(국영)의. considerations 考慮(고려).
offender 위반자, 범법자. snap up 잡아채다.
state-industrial complex 국가산업단지. pursue 추구하다.
re-route 路線(노선)을 재조정하다. censor 검열하다, 削除(삭제)하다.
executives 경영간부, 理事(이사). dubious 의심스러운.
circumstances 情況(정황), 사건. Arctic 북극의. complicate 복잡해지다.
murky 매우 어두운, 음울한. bite 물어뜯다. vigilant 자지 않고 지키는, 주의하는.
Practices 慣行(관행), 영업, 음모. Act 법률.
evangelical 복음주의의, 복음전파의. zeal 열성. reserved 따로 떼어둔, 대절한.
anti-bribery measures 반부패조치. adopt 채택하다.
sentences 宣告(선고). cope 대처하다. lump 덩어리로 만들다.
cavalierly 大凡(대범)하게, 호방하게, 기사처럼.
emerging markets 신흥시장(경제가 발전하고 있는 개발도상국).
Congress 의회. multi-party 여러 개의 정당. alliances 동맹, 提携(제휴).
dynamics 力學(역학). internal relations 내적 관계.
the ruling family 王家(왕가), 통치가문. complexity 복잡성.