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Getting a licence can be time-consuming. Want to become a barber in California? That will require studying the art of cutting and blow-drying for almost a year. Want to work in the wig trade in Texas? You will need to take 300 hours of classes and pass both written and practical exams. Alabama obliges manicurists to sit through 750 hours of instruction before taking a practical exam. Florida will not let you work as an interior designer unless you complete a four-year university degree and a two-year apprenticeship and pass a two-day examination.
America’s Licence Raj crushes would-be entrepreneurs. Consider three people who come from very different states and occupations. Jestina Clayton is an African hair-braider with 23 years of experience. But the Utah Barber, Cosmetologist/Barber, Esthetician, Electrologist and Nail Technician Licensing Board told her that she cannot practise her craft unless she first obtains a licence—which means spending up to $18,000 on 2,000 hours of study, none of it devoted to African hair-braiding.
Justin Brown is an abbot at a Benedictine abbey that supplements its meagre income by making and selling simple wooden coffins. But the Louisiana Board of Embalmers and Funeral Directors has ordered him to “cease and desist”. Heaven knows what harm a corpse might suffer from an unlicensed coffin. Barbara Vanderkolk Gardner runs a flourishing interior-design business in New Jersey. But when she tried to expand into Florida, the state’s Board of Architecture and Interior Design ordered her to delete all references to “interior design” from her website and stop offering “interior design services” in the Sunshine State.

A. 어휘
wig trade 假髮(가발) 業種(업종).
written and practical exams 필기 및 實技(실기) 시험.
oblige ...하도록 강요하다, 의무를 지우다. instruction 교육, 훈련.
apprenticeship 徒弟(도제)〈修習(수습)〉기간. crush 짓밟다.
would-be entrepreneurs 창업지망자, 기업희망자. occupations 직업.
hair-braider 머리 땋는 사람, 辮髮(변발)업자. Cosmetologist 美容師(미용사).
Esthetician 美學者(미학자). practise 영업하다. craft 기술.
devoted 시간이나 노력을 바치다. hair-braiding 머리 땋기. abbot 수도원장.
abbey 수도원. meagre 빈약한, 불충분한. Embalmers 防腐處理(방부처리)업자.
Funeral Directors 葬禮(장례)지도원. cease 그만 두다, 끝나다.
desist 단념하다, 중지하다. corpse 屍身(시신). flourishing 번창하는.
Architecture 건축. delete 삭제하다. references 言及(언급), 參照(참조).