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Dr Bartels and Dr Pizarro knew from previous research that around 90% of people refuse the utilitarian act of killing one individual to save five. What no one had previously inquired about, though, was the nature of the remaining 10%.
To find out, the two researchers gave 208 undergraduates a battery of trolleyological tests and measured, on a four-point scale, how utilitarian their responses were. Participants were also asked to respond to a series of statements intended to get a sense of their individual psychologies. These statements included, “I like to see fist fights”, “The best way to handle people is to tell them what they want to hear”, and “When you really think about it, life is not worth the effort of getting up in the morning”. Each was asked to indicate, for each statement, where his views lay on a continuum that had “strongly agree” at one end and “strongly disagree” at the other. These statements, and others like them, were designed to measure, respectively, psychopathy, Machiavellianism and a person’s sense of how meaningful life is.
Dr Bartels and Dr Pizarro then correlated the results from the trolleyology with those from the personality tests. They found a strong link between utilitarian answers to moral dilemmas (push the fat guy off the bridge) and personalities that were psychopathic, Machiavellian or tended to view life as meaningless. Utilitarians, this suggests, may add to the sum of human happiness, but they are not very happy people themselves.
That does not make utilitarianism wrong. Crafting legislation—one of the main things that Bentham and Mill wanted to improve—inevitably involves riding roughshod over someone’s interests. Utilitarianism provides a plausible framework for deciding who should get trampled. The results obtained by Dr Bartels and Dr Pizarro do, though, raise questions about the type of people who you want making the laws. Psychopathic, Machiavellian misanthropes? Apparently, yes.

A. 어휘
previous 以前(이전)의. nature 성격, 성질. undergraduates 대학 재학생.
a battery of 一連(일련)의. scale 尺度(척도). Participants 참가자들.
statements 진술. fist 주먹. handle 다루다. indicate 가리키다.
on a continuum 연속선상에. respectively 각각. psychopathy 정신병.
correlate 相關(상관)시키다. personality tests 人性檢査(인성검사).
Craft 만들다. legislation 법령, 법률제정. inevitably 불가피하게.
roughshod 편자에 스파이크를 단.
riding roughshod over 거칠게 다루다, 남에게 폐를 끼치다.
plausible 칭찬할 만한, 그럴듯한. framework 구조, 뼈대.
trample 짓밟다. obtain 獲得(획득)하다. Psychopathic 정신병자.
misanthrope 인간을 싫어하는 사람, 염세주의자, 인간혐오.
Apparently 분명히.