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They were then approached a second time, between October 11th and November 3rd, and offered a $15 certificate to answer more questions 197 agreed to do so. During this second session, volunteers were given the same questionnaire as in the first, with one small difference. This was that half the questionnaires had a tiny American flag in the top left-hand corner of the page. After the election, which happened on November 4th, the double-participants were approached a third time, again with the offer of a $15 reward 191 participated. They were asked if they had voted and, if so, who for.
The conclusion, which Dr Ferguson reports in a paper in Psychological Science, was that participants’ voting intentions were, indeed, affected by seeing the flag. The possible average scores on presidential voting intentions ranged from -10 (definitely voting for Mr Obama, definitely not voting for Mr McCain) to +10 (definitely voting for Mr McCain, definitely not voting for Mr Obama). The actual scores of those subsequently assigned to the two groups did not differ significantly the first time round. The second time, though, those who had been shown the flag were more weakly pro-Obama and more strongly pro-McCain, with a score of -3.0, than those who had not been shown the flag, who averaged -4.8.
For the political-party-warmth ratings, the potential score range was between -500 (extreme warmth towards Democrats, extreme cold towards Republicans) and +500 (extreme warmth towards Republicans, extreme cold towards Democrats). The team found that flag-viewers were cooler towards Democrats and warmer towards Republicans, with average scores of -90, while those who never saw a flag had scores that averaged -173.

A. 어휘
certificate 증명서. session 집단적으로 하는 일정기간의 활동, 會期(회기).
tiny 작은. top left-hand corner 좌측 上端(상단). reward 보상금.
affect 영향을 끼치다. average 평균. definitely 확실하게.
actual 실제적인. subsequently 그 후에, 이어서. assigned 할당된.
significantly 두드러지게, 상당히. potential 가능한, 잠재적인.
Democrats 민주당원. Republicans 공화당원.