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Intriguingly, research on Turkey’s devoutly Muslim heartland finds a strong positive link between Islamic piety and capitalist success. The term “Islamic Calvinist” has been used to describe the devout businessmen of central Turkey, who use religious networks to accumulate capital and extend their activities. Of course, none of this proves anything about how Muslim beliefs make people behave. Like all great religions, Islam is a complex system of beliefs, and people usually emphasise the features which appeal to them. Turkey’s pious producers like the bits in the Koran that favour honest trading. Yet Timur Kuran, a professor at America’s Duke University, argues that the inheritance rules in Islamic family law may have slowed development in the past by making it harder to accumulate wealth. If that is true, then modern Turkey may provide a uniquely favourable arena: secular law combined with the diligence and sobriety (in several senses) of Muslim Calvinists. Mr Kuran’s latest research looks at India over the last two centuries. He thinks the poor-ish showing of Muslim businessmen reflects Hindu practices that allow the build-up of family wealth, while Islam dissipates it by mandating legacies to distant kin. This gap emerged under the Raj, and seems to persist in modern India where different faiths still use different family law.
One problem, says Mr Kuran, is that religiously-inspired institutions change more slowly than religious dogma. Even text-based creeds, based on one-off divine revelation, can be quite flexible in reacting to new economic circumstances. But the world of Islam, in his view, has been held back by institutions like the waqf, a sort of Islamic charity which people sometimes use to create jobs for their families. In the end, laws and institutions seem to make more difference to people’s worldly chances than the arcana of theology.

A. 어휘
Intriguingly 흥미롭게도. devoutly 열렬한, 헌신적인.
heartland 심장지역. piety 신앙심. term 用語(용어).
Calvinist 청교도주의자. accumulate 蓄積(축적)하다. capital 자본.
extend 확장하다. emphasise 강조하다. features 특징, 資質(자질).
trading 상거래, 영업. inheritance rules 相續(상속) 규정.
uniquely 독특하게, 훌륭하게. favourable 유리한, 호의적인.
arena 鬪技場(투기장). secular 세속적인. sobriety 진지함, 절제, 금주.
practices 관습, 관행. build-up 축적. dissipates 분산시키다, 蕩盡(탕진)하다.
mandating 명령하다. legacies 遺産(유산). the Raj 인도제국.
persist 지속하다, 계속 고집하다.
religiously-inspired institutions 종교적으로 영감(영향)을 받는 제도.
dogma 신조, 敎條(교조).
text-based creeds 聖句(성구)〔經典(경전)〕에 근거한 信條(신조).
one-off 한 번만의, 단 한번의. divine 神(신)의. revelation 啓示(계시).
flexible 융통성이 있는, 유연성이 있는. arcana 秘訣(비결), 비법.
theology 신학.