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To find out what, if anything, this exercise-boosted autophagy was doing for mice, the team engineered a second strain that was unable to respond this way. Exercise, in other words, failed to stimulate their recycling mechanism. When this second group of modified mice were tested alongside ordinary ones, they showed less endurance and had less ability to take up sugar from their bloodstreams.
There were longer-term effects, too. In mice, as in people, regular exercise helps prevent diabetes. But when the team fed their second group of modified mice a diet designed to induce diabetes, they found that exercise gave no protection at all.
Dr Levine and her team reckon their results suggest that manipulating autophagy may offer a new approach to treating diabetes. And their research is also suggestive in other ways. Autophagy is a hot topic in medicine, as biologists have come to realise that it helps protect the body from all kinds of ailments.

The virtues of recycling
Autophagy is an ancient mechanism, shared by all eukaryotic organisms (those which, unlike bacteria, keep their DNA in a membrane-bound nucleus within their cells). It probably arose as an adaptation to scarcity of nutrients. Critters that can recycle parts of themselves for fuel are better able to cope with lean times than those that cannot. But over the past couple of decades, autophagy has also been shown to be involved in things as diverse as fighting bacterial infections and slowing the onset of neurological conditions like Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases.

A. 어휘
exercise-boosted 운동이 증폭시킨. strain 血統(혈통), 종족.
respond 반응하다. stimulate 자극하다. recycling mechanism 재활용 작용.
endurance 持久力(지구력), 참을성. take up 액체를 흡수하다.
sugar 糖(당), 혈당. regular exercise 규칙적인 운동. prevent 예방하다.
feed-fed-fed 먹이다. diet 음식, 식품, 食餌(식이) 요법.
induce 誘導(유도)하다, 유발하다. reckon 생각하다, 계산하다.
manipulating 조작하다. approach 방법. medicine 醫學(의학).
eukaryotic cell 眞核(진핵) 세포 진핵세포: 세포질로부터 따로 분리된 핵 즉, 핵막에 의해 형성된 핵을 가지고 있는 세포.
organisms 생물. membrane-bound 막에 붙어 있는. nucleus 核(핵).
adaptation 適應(적응). scarcity 결핍. nutrients 영양분.
Critters 생물. cope with 대처하다. lean times 먹을 것이 부족한 시기.
diverse 다양한. onset 시작, 개시, 공격. neurological 신경학의.
conditions 질병.