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Even so, the absence of any such things as government or civil order is so greatly to the detriment of human beings that, Locke believed, individuals came together voluntarily to create society. As with Hobbes, the social contract is seen as being not between government and the governed but between free men. Unlike Hobbes, however, Locke sees the governed as retaining their individual rights even after government has been set up. Sovereignty ultimately remains with the people. The securing of their rights ¡ªthe protection of the life, liberty, and property of all¡ªis the sole legitimate purpose of government. If a government begins to abuse those rights (i.e. becomes tyrannical) or ceases to defend them effectively (i.e. becomes ineffectual) the governed retain a moral right¡ªafter seeking redress through normal procedures and failing to obtain it¡ªto overthrow the government and replace it with one that does the job properly. This explains, incidentally, Locke's role in the Glorious Revolution of 1688.


Locke believed that what gives us the right to our property is, first of all, the labor we put into it; and then following on from that, our freedom to do what we like with our own. If I work to produce something, in doing so do no harm to anyone else, then I have a right to the fruits of my labor. If someone seizes it from me he is, literally, stealing my labor. Given, then, that I have this right to it, I can dispose of it as I wish: I can give it to someone else if I so choose, or sell it to a willing buyer. Thus a society develops that is based on voluntary transactions entered into independently of government. These constitute the elementary foundations of liberal capitalism.〈Bryan Magee, The Story of philosophy〉


ÃÖ°íÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ÁÖÀÇÀÚ John Locke


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