2-5-12
Whether such efforts will have much impact on foreign perception is another matter. In a September poll of 1,310 Americans of Le Figaro magazine, only 20% considered culture to be a domain in which France excels, far behind cuisine. Domestic expectations are low as well. Many French believe the country and its culture have been in decline since--pick a date: 1940 and the humiliating German occupation; 1954, the start of the divisive Algerian conflict; or 1968, the revolutionary year that conservatives like Sarkozy say brought France under the sway of a new, more casual generation that has undermined standards of education and deportment.*
Cultural decline is more difficult failing to assess--and address. Traditionally a province of the right, it speaks to the nostalgia of some French for the more rigorous, hierarchial society of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Paradoxically, that starchy era inspired much of France's subsequent cultural vitality. 'A lot of French artists were created in opposition to the education system,' says Christophe Boicos, a Paris art lecturer and gallery owner--they were rebels against the academic standards of their day. But those standards were quite high and contributed to the impressive quality of the artists who rebelled against them.'
A. ¾îÈÖ
impact (on) È¿°ú, ¿µÇâ, Ãæµ¹. perception ò±ÊÆ(Áö°¢), ÀνÄ.
on foreign perception ÇÁ¶û½º ¹®È¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿Ü±¹ÀÎÀÇ ìãò±ÓøÀÎÁöµµ).
poll ÅõÇ¥°á°ú, ÅõÇ¥. domain ¿µ¿ª, ¿µÅä. cuisine ¿ä¸®.
domestic expectations ÇÁ¶û½º ±¹³»»ç¶÷µéÀÇ Ñ¢Óâö·(±â´ëÄ¡). decline ¼èÅð.
pick a date. ¼èÅðÇϱ⠽ÃÀÛÇÑ ³¯À» Àâ¾Æ º¸¶ó. humiliating ±¼¿åÀûÀÎ
occupation ï¿ÖÅ(Á¡·É). divisive Üôûú(ºÒÈ)ÇÏ´Â, ±¸ºÐÇÏ´Â. conflict ÀüÀï, ÔÑÕ¯(µ¿¶õ).
the divisive Algerian conflict ±¹°¡¸¦ ºÐ¿ÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç ¾ËÁ¦¸®¾Æ ÀüÀï(ÇÁ¶û½º´Â ½Ä¹ÎÁö ¾ËÁ¦¸®¾ÆÀÇ µ¶¸³ÅõÀïÀ» Áø¾ÐÇÏ´Â ÀüÀïÀ» ³õ°í ±¹³»¿©·ÐÀÌ ºÐ¿µÊ).
conservatives º¸¼öÁÖÀÇÀÚµé. sway Áö¹è, ¿µÇâ, ÔÑèô(µ¿¿ä).
casual ÀÚÀ¯ºÐ¹æÇÑ, ºÎÁÖÀÇÇÑ, ¹«½ÉÇÑ. undermine ...ÀÇ Åä´ë¸¦ ¹«³Ê¶ß¸®´Ù.
deportment ǰÇà, ,Çà½Ç, Çൿ. assess Æò°¡ÇÏ´Ù. address ³íÀÇÇÏ´Ù.
more difficult failing to assess--and address. Æò°¡Çϰí--³íÀÇÇϱⰡ ´õ ¾î·Á¿î ½ÇÆÐ(¹®ÈÀÇ ½ÇÆÐ´Â Æò°¡ÇÏ°í ³íÀÇÇϱ⿡´Â ¾î·Á¿î ºÐ¾ßÀÌ´Ù).
province ¿µ¿ª, Áö¹æ, ñ¶(ÁÖ). the right éÓìÏ(¿ìÀÍ).
a province of the right ¿ìÆÄÀÇ ¿µ¿ª. rigorous ¾ö°ÝÇÑ.
hierarchial °è±ÞÀûÀÎ, °è±ÞÁ¦µµÀÇ. chÀÇ ¼Ò¸®´Â Korea ÀÇ k¿Í °°À½.
paradoxically ¿ª¼³ÀûÀ¸·Î. starchy Ì«ãÒ(°Ý½Ä)À» Â÷¸®´Â, »¥»¥ÇÑ, Ç®À» ¸ÔÀÎ.
inspire ÍÕÙñ(°í¹«)½ÃŰ´Ù, ¿µ°¨À» ÁÖ´Ù. subsequent ±× ÈÄÀÇ, µÚÀÇ.
subsequent cultural vitality ±× ÈÄÀÇ ¹®ÈÀû Ȱ·Â. in opposition to ...¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ¿©.
lecturer (´ëÇÐÀÇ) °»ç, °¿¬ÀÚ. rebel ÚäÕ¯ÏÚ(¹Ý¶õ±º). contribute...to ¿¡ ±â¿©ÇÏ´Ù.
B. ±¸¹®
-poll of 1,310 Americans of Le Figaro
[¹Ì±¹ÀÎ 1,310¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ·¯ Çǰ¡·Îòµ(Áö)ÀÇ ¿©·ÐÁ¶»ç ]
cf. ù ¹øÂ° of´Â ¸ñÀû°Ý, µÎ ¹øÂ° of ´Â ¼ÒÀ¯°Ý °ü°è¸¦ Ç¥½Ã.
-far behind cuisine ¾Õ¿¡ which is »ý·«.
which´Â ¡°¹Ì±¹ÀεéÀÇ 20%¸¸ÀÌ ÇÁ¶û½º°¡ ¿ì¼öÇÑ ¿µ¿ªÀÌ ¹®È¶ó°í °£ÁÖÇÑ´Ù.' ¸¦ °¡¸®Å²´Ù.
[ÀÌ ¼öÄ¡´Â ¿ä¸®ºÐ¾ß º¸´Ù ÈξÀ µÚ¶³¾îÁø´Ù.]
-1954, the start. . . start´Â 1954¿Í µ¿°Ý.
[ÇÁ¶û½º¸¦ ºÐ¿½ÃŲ ¾ËÁ¦¸®¾Æ ÀüÀïÀÌ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ÇØÀÎ 1954³â]
-conservatives like Sarkozy say´Â »ðÀÔÀý.
[»ç¸£ÄÚÁö °°Àº º¸¼öÁÖÀÇÀÚµéÀÌ ¸»Çϱâ·Î ±³À°°ú µµ´öÀÇ ±âÁØÀ» ºØ±«½ÃŲ º¸´Ù ÀÚÀ¯ºÐ¹æÇÑ ½Å¼¼´ë°¡ ÇÁ¶û½º¸¦ Áö¹èÇÏ°Ô ¸¸µç Çõ¸íÀÌ ÀÏ¾î³ ÇØÀÎ 1968³â.]
-those standards were. . . them. themÀº those standards¸¦ °¡¸®Å´.
2-6-13
Quality, of course, is in the eye of the beholder--as is the very meaning of culture. The term originally referred to the growing of things, as in agriculture. Eventually it came to embrace the cultivation of art, music, poetry and other 'high-culture' pursuits of a high-minded elite. In modern times, anthropologists and sociologists have broadened the term to embrace the 'low-culture' enthusiasms of the masses, as well as caste systems, burial customs and other behaviour.
The French like to have it all ways. Their government spends 1.5% of GDP supporting a wide array of cultural and recreational activities (vs. only 0.7% for Germany, 0.5% for the U.K. and 0.3% for the U.S.). The Culture Ministry, with its 11,200 employees, lavishes money on such 'high-culture' mainstays as museums, opera houses and theater festivals. But the ministry also appointed a Minister for Rock'n'Roll in the 1980s to help France compete against the Anglo-Saxons (unsuccessfully). Likewise, Parliament in 2005 voted to designate foie gras as a protection-worthy part of the nation's cultural heritage.
A. ¾îÈÖ
beholder ¹Ù¶óº¸´Â »ç¶÷. term ¿ë¾î. referred to ¾ð±ÞÇÏ´Ù.
the growing of things ÀÛ¹°Àç¹è. eventually ¸¶Ä§³». embrace Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Ù, Æ÷¿ËÇÏ´Ù. cultivation ¾ç¼º, ¼ö¾ç, Àç¹è. °æÀÛ. pursuits ÀÏ, ¿¬±¸, Ãß±¸, ÃßÀû.
high-minded elite °í»óÇÑ ¿¤¸®Æ®. anthropologist ÀηùÇÐÀÚ.
have broadened the term ¿ë¾î(culture)ÀÇ Àû¿ë¹üÀ§¸¦ ³ÐÇû´Ù.
enthusiasm ¿·ÄÇØÁö´Â ´ë»ó. ¼ÒÁßÇÏ°Ô ¿©±â´Â °Í. ¿±¤. the masses ÓÞñë(´ëÁß).
as well as ...»Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó. burial customs and other behaviour Àå·Êdz¼Ó°ú æ®öâ(¿©Å¸) Ȱµ¿. ways ¾ç½Ä, ¹üÀ§. have it all ways ¹®È(it)¿¡ ¸ðµç ¾ç½Ä(high-culture ¿Í low culture)À» Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃŲ´Ù. array ÑÜæê(³ª¿), Áø¿. a wide array of ³ÐÀº ¹üÀ§ÀÇ vs. versus °ú ´ëºñÇØ¼. employee Çǰí¿ëÀÚ, Á¾¾÷¿ø. lavish....on ¿¡ ¾Æ³¦¾øÀÌ ¾²´Ù, ³¶ºñÇÏ´Ù. mainstay ÁÖµÈ ÁöÁöÀÚ(¹°), ´ëµéº¸.
the Anglo-Saxons ¿µ±¹°è »ç¶÷µé( ¹Ì±¹, ¿µ±¹, È£ÁÖ µî ¿µ¾î»ç¿ë±¹°¡ ±¹¹Î). designate Áö¸íÇÏ´Ù. foie gras Æ÷ÀÌ ±×¶ó[Ưº°È÷ »ìÀ» Âî¿î °ÅÀ§ÀÇ ÊÜ(°£) ¿ä¸®] protection-worthy º¸È£ÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Â. heritage ë¶ß§(À¯»ê), ¼¼½ÀÀç»ê.
B. ±¸¹®
-Quality, of course, is. . . . very meaning of culture.
[¹®È ±× ÀÚü¿¡µµ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³(°í±Þ¹®È, Àú±Þ¹®È) òõ(Áú)À̶ó´Â °ÍÀº º¸´Â »ç¶÷ÀÇ °¢µµ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£´Ù.]
-spends. . .(on, in) supporting. ...À» Áö¿øÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ µ·À» ¾´´Ù.
supportingÀº ÀüÄ¡»ç on (in)ÀÇ ¸ñÀû¾î·Î ¾²ÀÌ´Â µ¿¸í»ç.
-to help France compete against. . .
[ÇÁ¶û½º°¡ ...¿Í ´ëÇ×ÇØ¼ °æÀïÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» µµ¿ÍÁÖ±â À§Çؼ.]
cf. help´Â »ç¿ªµ¿»çÃë±Þ, compete´Â ¿øÇüºÎÁ¤»ç.
ÇÑ´«¿¡ º¸´Â
º£½ºÆ® ±â»ç
- 1 À嵿ÇõÀÇ í»øï "¿ì¸®°¡ Ȳ±³¾ÈÀÌ´Ù"
- 2 ³ª¶ó°¡ ¹«³ÊÁø´Ù. ¹üÁËÀÚ ´ëÅë·É ¶§¹®¿¡
- 3 ×Ý´ëÅë·ÉÀº Àß°í °Ì¸¹Àº »ç¶÷!...'Àڱ⠰úÀ׺¸È£'°¡ ºÒ·¯¿Â Áß´ëÀ§±â
- 4 ºÎ»êÀº µé¶° ÀÖ´Ù
- 5 'µ¿¹°±¹È¸' ´ÙÀ½ ÄÚ½º´Â 'Áü½Â±¹È¸'
- 6 ÀÌÀç¸íÀÇ ÆøÁ¤(øìïÙ) ¿À·¡ °¡Áö ¸øÇÒ °Í
- 7 '¹Îº¹ ¾¾ÀÇ °ßÇØ¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù'(À̵¿º¹)
- 8 Çѵ¿ÈÆÀÌ ³ë¸¸¼® °ËÂûÃÑÀå´ëÇàÀ» ù¶ñÊ(ÇÊÁÖ)ÇÏ´Ù!
- 9 '4õ¾ïÂ¥¸® µµµÏÁú' ¼º°ø? Á¤Àǵµ ¹ÎÁÖµµ °øÈµµ Á×¾ú´Ù!
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