13. Family Values (The Economist October 2nd 2004)
Rich kids have little time for their elderly parents. The ingratitude!
13-1-56
Why was King Lear treated so cruelly by his daughters? Until recently, most of the answers have come from scholars with scant knowledge of economic theory. Fortunately, John Ermisch, Essex economist, is working to remedy this deficiency. His research proves what many parents have long suspected- that increased wealth goes along with filial ingratitude.
Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, Mr Ermisch shows that affluent parents are slightly more likely to supply offspring with money and help with child-rearing than poor parents. But success seems to have precisely the opposite effect on children. The mere possession of a university degree makes children 20% less likely to phone their mothers regularly, and more than 50% less likely to pay them a visit.
This is puzzling because self-interested children might be expected to behave in precisely the opposite way. Most wealthy people are descended from wealthy parents, which means they have a lot of patrimony to lose by cutting back on the fawning. 'Nothing will come of nothing,' as a pre-retirement and still sane King Lear put it when his youngest daughter dared to withhold her affections.
A. ¾îÈÖ
ingratitude ÛÎëÚØÎÓì(¹èÀº¸Á´ö). treat ´Ù·ç´Ù, ó¿ìÇÏ´Ù. cruelly ÀÜÀÎÇϰÔ.
scant ºÎÁ·ÇÑ.
scholars with scant knowledge of economic theory °æÁ¦À̷п¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö½ÄÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÑ ÇÐÀÚµé.
remedy Ä¡·áÇÏ´Ù. deficiency °áÇÌ, ÌÀùè(°áÇÔ).
suspect (¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í)»ý°¢ÇÏ´Ù. ÀǽÉÇÏ´Ù. filial ÀÚ½ÄÀÇ. household (ÁýÇÕÀû)°¡Á·.
affluent ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ. slightly ¾à°£. supply A with B. A¿¡°Ô B¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Ù. offspring ÀÚ½Ä.
rearing ¾çÀ°. precisely Á¤È®ÇϰÔ. puzzling È¥¶õ½ÃŰ´Â. descend ÇϰÇÏ´Ù.
be descended from ...ÀÇ ÀÚ¼ÕÀÌ´Ù. ÇǸ¦ À̾î¹Þ´Ù. patrimony á¦ã©î¯ß§(¼¼½ÀÀç»ê).
cut back on ...¿¡°Ô Àç»êÀ» ¶¼¾î ÁÖ´Ù. fawn ¾Ë¶û°Å¸®´Ù.
the fawning ¾Ë¶û°Å¸®´Â »ç¶÷µé.
¡°Nothing will come of nothing.' Ùí(¹«)¿¡¼´Â ¾Æ¹« °Íµµ ³ª¿ÀÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.(ºÎ¸ð°¡ µ·ÀÌ ÇÑǬµµ ¾øÀ¸¸é ¾Æ¹« Àڽĵµ È¿µµÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.)
pre-retirement and still sane King Lear ¿Õ±ÇÀ» åÓêÈ(¾çÀ§)Çϱâ Àü ¾ÆÁ÷ Á¤½ÅÀÌ ¸¼Àº ¸®¾î èÝ. put it ¸»ÇÏ´Ù. dare to+V °¨È÷ ...ÇÏ´Ù.
withhold ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Ù, º¸·ùÇÏ´Ù.
withhold her affections ¾ÖÁ¤ÀÇ Ç¥½Ã¸¦ ¾ïÁ¦ÇÏ´Ù.(Ý«èÝÀ» »ç¶ûÇÑ´Ù´Â ¸»À» ¾ïÁ¦ÇÑ´Ù)
B. ±¸¹®
-But success seems to have . . .effect on children.
[±×·¯³ª (ÀڽĵéÀÇ)¼º°øÀº Àڽĵ鿡°Ô ±× ¹Ý´ëÀÇ ¿µÇâÀ» ³¢Ä¡´Â °Í °°´Ù.(¼º°øÇÑ ÀÚ½ÄÀϼö·Ï ºÎ¸ð¿¡°Ô µ·À̳ª µµ¿òÀ» ´õ Àû°Ô ÁÖ´Â °Í °°´Ù).]
-makes children 20% less. . . their mothers regularly.
[ÀڽĵéÀÌ ºÎ¸ð¿¡°Ô Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î ÀüÈÇϴ ȸ¼ö°¡ 20%³ª ´õ Àû°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.]
-This is puzzling because . . .in precisely the opposite way.
[ À̱âÀûÀÎ ÀÚ½ÄÀ̶ó¸é Á¤È®È÷ ¹Ý´ëÂÊÀ¸·Î ÇൿÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ À̰ÍÀº È¥¶õÀ» ÀÏÀ¸Å²´Ù.(Àç»êÀÌ ¸¹Àº ºÎ¸ð·ÎºÎÅÍ À¯»êÀ» ´õ ¸¹ÀÌ ¹°·Á¹Þ±â À§ÇØ ´õ ÀÚÁÖ ¾ÈºÎ Àüȸ¦ ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÇ´Â µ¥ ±×·¸Áö ¾ÊÀ¸´Ï ÀÌ»óÇÏ´Ù).]
-they have a lot of. . . on the fawning.
[ºÎÀ¯ÇÑ ºÎ¸ðµéÀº ¾Ë¶û°Å¸®´Â Àڽĵ鿡°Ô ¶¼¾îÁÜÀ¸·Î½á ¼Õ½ÇÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¼¼½ÀÀç»êÀÌ ¸¹´Ù.]
13-2-57
So why are rich kids such brats? There are two likely explanations. The first is that, as their income rises, the marginal cost of providing services goes up. It simply isn't worth their while to help with shopping, particularly since affluence tends to increase distances between parents and children. And, since personal contact correlates with telephone contact, they are less likely to phone, too. Out of sight, out of mind.
Another answer comes from an obscure branch of economics known as strategic bequest theory. This predicts that children will provide only enough services to ensure they get a reasonable share of the inheritance. But that point is reached sooner by those who have only one sibling rival, or none at all. Wealthier families, which tend to be smaller, simply fail to ensure the optimum amount of competition.
Given these iron laws, what are parents supposed to do? Good results might be achieved by having more children, or expressing a sudden interest in the local cat's home. But Mr Ermisch is not optimistic. 'The only thing they can do is follow their children around,' he says. And don't make King Lear's mistake by handing over the cash first.
A. ¾îÈÖ
brat (°æ¸êÀû) ¾Ö»õ³¢, (ºÎ¸ð¸¦ ȳª°Ô ÇÏ´Â) Àڽijð. likely ±×·²½ÎÇÑ.
marginal ÃÖÀúÇÑÀÇ. marginal cost ÇÑ°è ºñ¿ë(¿ø°¡).
worth while+to+V¡æ...À» ÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ °¡Ä¡°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. particularly Ưº°È÷. affluence dz¿äÇÔ.
correlate »ó°ü°ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. obscure ¾Ö¸ÅÇÑ, ´«¿¡ ¶çÁö ¾Ê´Â.
an obscure branch of economics ÀϹݿ¡°Ô Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÇ ÇÑ ºÐ¾ß. strategic Àü·«ÀûÀÎ. bequest (À¯¾ð¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ) ë¶ñü(À¯Áõ), À¯»ê. predict ¿¹¾ðÇÏ´Ù. inheritance »ó¼ÓÀç»ê. sibling ÇüÁ¦ÀÚ¸Å.
those who have only one sibling rival or none at all. »ó¼Ó °æÀïÀڷμ ÇüÁ¦ÀڸŰ¡ ÇÑ ¸í»ÓÀ̰ųª Çϳªµµ ¾ø´Â »ç¶÷.
optimum õÌîê(ÃÖÀû)Á¶°Ç. optimistic ³«°üÀûÀÎ.
B. ±¸¹®
-The first is that. . . . to help with shopping.
[ù ¹øÂ°´Â (ÀڽĵéÀÇ) ¼ÒµæÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó¼ ÀڽĵéÀÌ ºÎ¸ð¿¡°Ô Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¼ºñ½ºÀÇ ÃÖÀúºñ¿ëµµ »ó½ÂÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.(ºÎ¸ð¿¡°Ô °ª½Ñ ¹°°ÇÀ» Á¦°øÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù.) ºÎ¸ðÀÇ ¼îÇÎÀ» µµ¿ÍÁÖ´Â °ÍÀº ±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ ¸¸ÇÑ °¡Ä¡°¡ ¾ø¾îÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù.]
-This predicts that children will. . . of the inheritance.
[ÀÌ ÀÌ·ÐÀº ÀڽĵéÀº ºÎ¸ðÀÇ À¯»ê¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÇÕ´çÇÑ ¸òÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï º¸ÀåÇØÁÖ´Â Á¤µµ¸¸ÅÀÇ ¼ºñ½º¸¸ Á¦°øÇÒ °ÍÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¿¹¾ðÇØ ÁØ´Ù.]
-Given these iron laws¡æIf they are given these iron laws¡æBeing given these...
-Good results might be. . . the local cat's home.
[º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº ÀÚ½ÄÀ» °¡Áö°Å³ª(±×·¡¼ È¿µµ°æÀïÀ» °È½ÃŰ´Â °Í) µ¿³×¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °í¾çÀÌÁý¿¡ °©ÀÚ±â Èï¹Ì¸¦ º¸ÀÌ´Â °Í(±×·¡¼ À¯»êÀ» ¸ù¶¥ °í¾çÀÌ¿¡°Ô ¹°·ÁÁÖ´Â °Í)ÀÌ ÁÁÀº °á°ú¸¦ °¡Á®¿Ã °ÍÀÌ´Ù.]
-The only thing they can do is follow. . . around.
cf. follow¡æto follow. ºÎÁ¤»ç°¡ be µ¿»çÀÇ ÁÖ°Ý º¸¾î·Î ¾²ÀÏ ¶§´Â Á¶Á¾ to »ý·«.
[ºÎ¸ð°¡ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â À¯ÀÏÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀڽĵéÀ» Á¹Á¹ µû¶ó ´Ù´Ï´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.]
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- 1 À嵿ÇõÀÇ í»øï "¿ì¸®°¡ Ȳ±³¾ÈÀÌ´Ù"
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