Che Guevara (The Economist October 13th-19th 2007)
18. A Modern Saint and Sinner Why the Che myth is bad for left

18-1-69
The bearded face--eyes staring defiantly to infinity, the long wavy hair beneath the beret stirred by the Caribbean breeze--has become one of the world's most familiar images. Alberto Korda's photograph of Ernesto 'Che' Guevara may be waved aloft by anti-globalisation protesters but it has spawned a global brand. It has adorned cigarettes, ice cream and a bikini, and is tattooed on the bodies of footballers.
What explains the extraordinary appeal of Guevara, an Argentine who 40 years ago this week was captured and shot in Bolivia? Partly the consistency with which he followed his own injunction that 'the duty of the revolutionary is to make the revolution'. A frail asthmatic, he took up arms with Fidel Castro's guerrillas in Cuba's Sierra Maestra. After their victory, Guevara would fight again in the Congo as well as Bolivia. He fought dictators who were backed by the United States in the name of anti-communism when the cold war was at its hottest, and when Guevara's cry to create 'two, three. . . many Vietnams' resonated on university campuses across the world. His renewed popularity in recent years owes much to a revival of anti-Americanism.

A. 어휘
a modern saint and sinner 현대의 聖者(성자)겸 죄인. myth 신화. left 좌익, 좌파.
bearded 수염이 있는. stare 응시하다. defiantly 반항적으로. infinity 無限, 무한성.
eyes staring defiantly to infinity 無限(무한)을 향해 반항적으로 응시하고 있는 눈길.
stir 흔들다, 휘 젖다, 자극하다. the Caribbean 카리브海(해). breeze 微風(미풍).
aloft 하늘 높이. be waved aloft 휘날리다. anti-globalisation 反 세계화.
protester 항의자, 주장자. spawn 알을 낳다, 일으키다. adorn 장식하다.
tattoo 文身(문신)을 하다. appeal 매력, 호소력. capture 체포하다.
consistency 일관성, 지속성, 단단함. injunction 명령. revolutionary 혁명가.
frail 허약한. asthmatic 천식환자.
would fight 싸우곤 하였다. cf. would 과거의 불규칙적 습관. as well as ...뿐 아니라.
dictator 독재자. resonate 울려 퍼지다.
create 'two. . . many Vietnams' (미국이 골탕먹고 패배한) 베트남 전쟁 같은 전쟁을 많이 일으키다.
renewed 다시 새로운. owe to 에 신세를 지다. revival 부흥, 再生(재생).

B. 구문
-The bearded face . . . most popular images.
cf. stirred by the Caribbean breeze=which was being stirred...=stirred by...
[그 수염이 있는 얼굴--永遠(영원)을 향해 반항하듯이 응시하는 눈길, 카리브바다 산들바람에 휘 날리는 베레모 밑의 물결 같은 머리털--은 세계에서 가장 친숙한 이미지중의 하나가 되었다.]
-Partly the consistency. . . his own injunction
cf. (It is )Partly. . .
[(그것은) 부분적으로는 그가 자신의 명령을 일관성 있게 따른다는 것이었다.]

18-2-70
But it is semiotics, more than politics, that leads teenagers ignorant of the Sierra Maesta to sport Che T-shirts. Koda's photograph established Guevara as a universal symbol of romantic rebellion. It helps, too, that he died young, at 39: as a member of the Cuban gerontocracy he would hardly have become the James Dean of world politics. A second picture, that of the bedraggled guerrilla's corpse, staring wide-eyed at the camera, provides another clue. It resembles Andrea Mantegna's portrait of the dead Christ. It fixes Guevara a modern saint, the man who risked his life twice in countries that were not his own before giving it in a third, and whose invocation of the 'new man', driven by moral rather than material incentives, smacked of St Ignatius Loyola more than Marx.
In Cuba, he is the patron saint: at school, every child must repeat each morning, 'We will be like Che.' His supposed relics are the object of official veneration. In 1997, when Cuba was reeling from the collapse of its Soviet ally, Mr Castro organised the excavation of Guevara's skeleton in Bolivia and its reburial in a mausoleum in Cuba. Except that in the tradition of medieval saints, it probably isn't his body at all, according to research by Bertrand de la Grange, a French journalist.

A. 어휘
semiotics 記號學(기호학). politics 정치학, 정치.
It is semiotics, rather than politics. . . (체 게바라 티셔쓰를 좋아는 이유는) 정치보다는 스타일 때문이다.
ignorant of 무지한. sport 즐기다, 뽐내다. universal 보편적인. rebellion 叛逆(반역). gerontocracy 노인정치, 長老(장로)정치.
James Dean 夭折(요절)한 미국의 영화배우(젊은이들의 우상).
bedraggled 汚水(오수)로 더러워진, 흠뻑 젖은. corpse 屍身(시신).
staring wide-eyed at the camera 눈을 크게 뜨고 카메라를 응시하고 있는. clue 단서.
resemble 닮다. portrait 초상화. saint 聖者(성자).
invocation 祈願(기원), 호소, 악마를 불러내는 呪文(주문). smack 맛을 풍기다.
St Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556), 로마카톨릭의 예수회( the Society of Jesus)의 創立者(창립자).
patron saint (사람, 토지, 직업 등의)守護聖人(수호성인).
his supposed relics 그의 것이라고 생각되는 遺品(유품). official 공식적인.
veneration 숭배. reel 비틀거리다, 휘청거리다. collapse 崩壞(붕괴). ally 동맹국.
excavation 發掘(발굴). skeleton 해골. reburial 移葬(이장). mausoleum 靈廟(영묘), 능.
medieval 中世(중세)의. except that ...라는 것을 제외하면.

A. 구문
-as a member of the Cuban. . . provides another clue.
cf. would have hardly become →가정법과거완료 귀결절( 과거사실의 반대).
[쿠바의 늙은 정치인들 중의 한 사람으로서는 (그가 살아 있어서 카스트로를 비롯한 대단히 나이가 많은 정치권력자중의 한 명이었다면), 그는 세계 정치의 제임스 딘이 되지는 못했을 것이다.( 젊어서 죽었기 때문에 인기가 높다). 그의 두 번째 사진, 카메라를 향해 눈을 크게 뜨고 쳐다보고 있고 빗물에 젖어 있는 게릴라 시체사진은 (그의 인기에 대한) 두 번 째의 단서(이유)를 제공한다.]
-before giving it in a third.
[그것(그의 목숨)을 세 번째 나라에서 바치기 전에.]
-driven by= who was driven by.

18-3-71
A fighter against freedom and democracy
The wider the cult spreads, the further it strays from the man. Rather than a Christian romantic, Guevara was ruthless and dogmatic Marxist, who stood not for liberation but for a new tyranny. In the Sierra Maestra, he shot those suspected of treachery; in victory, Mr Castro placed him in charge of the firing squads that executed 'counter-revolutionaries'; as minister of industries, Guevara advocated expropriation down to the last farm and shop. His exhortation to guerrilla warfare, irrespective of political circumstance, lured thousands of idealistic Latin Americans to their deaths, helped to create brutal dictatorships and delayed the achievement of democracy.
Sadly, Guevara's example is invoked not just by teenagers but by some Latin American governments. In Venezuela, Hugo Chavez wants to create the guevarista 'new man', just when Cuba is having second thoughts. As Jorge Castaneda, one of Guevara's biographers, notes, Che's lingering influence has retarded the emergence of a modern, democratic left in parts of Latin America. Sadly, most of those who buy the T-shirts neither know nor care.

A. 어휘
cult 예배, 宗派(종파), 숭배. stray 길을 잃다, 타락하다, 定道(정도)를 벗어나다.
rather than ...라기 보다는. ruthless 무자비한. dogmatic 독단적인.
stand for ...을 위해 싸우다, ...을 대표하다. tyranny 폭정, 壓制(압제).
suspect 의심하다. treachery 배반. in charge of ...을 담당하는. squad 分隊(분대).
firing squad 총살대. execute 處刑(처형)하다. counter-revolutionary 반혁명분자.
advocate 변호하다. minister 장관, 목사. expropriation 소유권 박탈, 徵發(징발).
exhortation 권고, 訓戒(훈계). warfare 전쟁, 交戰(교전). irrespective of ...을 무시하고.
lure 유인하다, 꾀어들이다. brutal 잔인한, 야만적인. dictatorship 독재국가(정권).
delay 지연시키다. invoke 축원하다, 간청하다. 호소하다.
guevarista 'new man' 게바라의 새로운 인간. have second thoughts 再考(재고)하다.
biographer 傳記作家(전기작가). note 언급하다. linger 떠나기를 망설이다.
lingering influence 떠나지 않는 영향. retard 지연시키다, 방해하다.
emergence 출현. democratic left 민주적 좌파(사유재산, 언론자유, 자유선거 등을 인정하는 좌파). care 관심을 가지다, 상관하다.

B. 구문
-The wider. . . from the man.
cf. the + 비교급, the + 비교급→ ...을 더...하면 할수록 더 ...하다.
[그 사람에 대한 숭배가 더 넓게 퍼져갈 수록 그 숭배는 그 사람과는 관계 없이 더 타락하게 된다.]
-those suspected→those who were suspected