30. The anarchists (The Economist August 20th 2005)
For Jihadist, read anarchist

Repression did little to stop anarchist violence. But eventually the world moved on and the movement withered.

30-1-127
Bombs, beards and backpacks: these are the distinguishing marks, at least in the popular imagination, of the terror-mongers who either incite or carry out the explosions that periodically rock the cities of the western world. A century or so ago it was not so different: bombs, beards and fizzing fuses. The worries generated by the two waves of terror, the responses to them and some of the other characteristics are also similar. The spasm of anarchist violence that was at its most convulsion in the 1880s was felt, if indirectly, in every continent. It claimed hundreds of lives, including those of several heads of government, aroused widespread fear and prompted quantities of new laws and restrictions. But it passed. Jihadism is certainly not a lineal descendant of anarchism: far from it. Even so, the parallels between the anarchist bombings of the 19th century and the Islamist ones of today may be instructive.
Islamists, or at least those of the Osama bin Laden stripe, have several aims. Some--such as the desire 'to regain Palestine', to avenge the killing of 'our nation's sons' and to expel all 'infidel armies' from 'the land of Muhammad'--could be those of any conventional national-liberation movement. Others are more millenarian: to bring everyone to Islam, which, says Mr bin Laden, 'is the religion of showing kindness to others, establishing justice between them, granting them their rights, and defending the oppressed and persecuted.' All this will come to pass once everyone is living in an Islamic state, a caliphate governed by 'sharia' law. Hence the 'martyrdom operations against the enemy' and the promise of paradise for those who carry them out.

A. 어휘
anarchist 無政府主義者(무정부주의자), 폭력혁명가. backpack 배낭.
jihadist 회교도 戰士(전사). cf. jihad [이교도에 대한] 회교도의 聖戰(성전).
distinguishing 독특한. monger 상인. cf. fish-monger 생선장수.
incite 선동하다, 자극하다. carry out 수행하다. explosions 폭발(폭탄테러).
periodically 주기적으로. rock 흔들다, 진동시키다. fizz 슈욱 슈욱 소리나다.
generate 생성하다. two waves of terror 두 차례의 테러. cf. wave 파동, 파도.
characteristics 특징. spasm 경련. convulsion 경련, 動亂(동란). arouse ...을 일으키다.
prompt 재촉하다, 자극하다. quantities of 다량의, 다수의.
restriction 制限(제한), 제한규정. lineal 直系(직계)의, 正統(정통)의. descendant 자손.
parallel 相似(상사), 유사, 평행, 비교. instructive 교훈적인. stripe 型(형), 종류, 줄무늬.
avenge 복수하다. expel 내 쫓다. infidel 이교도, 무신론자. conventional 전통적인.
millenarian 至福千年(지복천년)의.[그리스도가 재림해서 세상을 다스린다고 하는 신성한 천년간], 종교적 지상낙원의. grant 下賜(하사)하다. the oppressed 피압박자들.
the persecuted 박해받는 사람들.
caliphate 칼리프 통치국가. cf. caliph 회교국의 교주 겸 국왕. govern 통치하다.
sharia 회교율법. martyrdom 殉敎(순교), 殉死(순사). operation 작전.

30-2-128
Anarchists have always believed in the antithesis of a Muslim state. They want a world without rule. Their first great theoretician, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, wanted to abolish centralised government altogether. This, though, would not bring chaos with which the word anarch is often considered synonymous. On the contrary, a sort of harmonious order would ensue, the state being replaced by a system of autonomous groups and communities, glued together by contract and mutual interest in place of laws. Justice, argued this essentially non-violent man, was the 'central star' governing society.
Though Proudhon is remembered for the dictum, 'Property is theft!' he actually believed that a man had the right to possess a house, some land and the tools to work it. This was too much for Mikhail Bakunin, a revolutionary nationalist turned anarchist who believed in collective ownership of the means of production. He believed, too, that 'the passion for destruction is also a creative urge,' which was not a description of the regenerative workings of capitalism but a call to the barricades. Regeneration, however, was very much an anarchist theme, just as it is a jihadist one. As one of anarchism's leading interpreters, George Woodcock, has put it, 'It is through the wrecks of empires and faiths that the anarchists have always seen the glittering towers of their free world arising.'

A. 어휘
antithesis 대립, 정반대, 대조. theoretician 이론가. abolish 폐지하다.
centralised government 중앙집권적 정부. chaos 混沌(혼돈), 무질서. anarch 무정부.
synonymous 同義語(동의어)의, 같은 뜻의. on the contrary 반대로. order 질서.
replace 대체하다. ensue 계속되다. glue 접착하다, 아교. contract 계약.
mutual interest 상호 이익. in place of laws 법률대신에. justice 正義(정의).
essentially 근본적으로. dictum 宣言(선언), 格言(격언).
“Property is theft!' 재산은 도둑질한 것이다. actually 실제로.
a revolutionary nationalist turned anarchist 혁명적 민족주의자에서 무정부주의자로 전향한 사람. cf. turned 형용사로 쓰인 과거분사.
collective ownership 집단소유권. means of production 생산수단. passion 정열.
creative urge 창조적 충동. urge 욕망, 충동. description 설명, 해설, 묘사. regenerative 재생시키는. workings 작용, 활동. a call to the barricades 전투를 부추기는 소리.
regeneration 재생. interpreter 해설자. put it 언급하다. wrecks 난파, 파괴된 것. 잔해.
empire 帝國(제국). glitter 반짝이다, 빛나다.

B. 구문
- the state being replaced→as the state would be replaced
- glued together→ which would be glued together
- It is through the wrecks . . . their free world arising
cf. It is A that . . .→ A 강조구문.
ex. It was in the park that I saw the man.
[내가 그 사내를 본 것은 바로 그 공원에서였다.]
[무정부주의자들이 그들의 떠오르는 자유세계의 빛나는 탑을 보게 되는 것은 제국과 신앙의 파괴된 殘骸(잔해)를 통해서 이다.]