30-3-129
What prompts the leap from idealistic thought to violent action is largely a matter of conjecture. Every religion and almost every philosophy has drawn adherents ready to shed blood, their own included, and in the face of tyranny, poverty and exploitation, a willingness to resort to force is not hard to understand. Both anarchism and jihadism, though, have incorporated bloodshed into their ideologies, or at least some of their zealots have. And both have been ready to justify the killing not just of soldiers, policemen and other agents of the state, but also of civilians.

The heads roll
For anarchists, the crucial theory was that developed in Italy, where in 1876 Errico Malatesta put it thus: 'The insurrectionary deed, destined to affirm socialist principles by acts, is the most efficacious means of propaganda.' This theory of 'propaganda by deed' was cheerfully promoted by another great anarchist thinker, Peter Kropotkin, a Russian prince who became the toast of radical-chic circles in Europe and America. Whether the theory truly tipped non-violent musers into killers, or whether it merely gave a pretext to psychopaths, simpletons and romantics to commit murders, is unclear. The murders, however, are not in doubt. In deadly sequence, anarchists claimed the lives of President Sadi Carnot of France (1894), Antonio Canovas del Castillo, the prime minister of Spain (1897), Empress Elizabeth of Austria (1898), King Umberto of Italy (1900), President William Mckinley of the United States (1901) and Jose Canalejas Mendez, another Spanish prime minister.

A. 어휘
prompt 재촉하다, 자극하다. leap 飛躍(비약), 도약. conjecture 짐작, 추측.
a matter of conjecture 추측할 문제이다. adherent 가맹자, 信奉者(신봉자).
shed-shed-shed [눈물, 피를] 흘리다.
their own included 그들 자신의 것(피)을 포함해서. tyranny 폭정, 압제.
exploitation 착취. willingness 기꺼이 하기. resort to ...에 호소하다 , ...에 의지하다.
force 폭력, 무력. incorporate 결합하다, 편입하다. bloodshed 流血(유혈), 살해.
zealot 열광자. justify 정당화하다. killing 살해. civilian 민간인. crucial 결정적인.
insurrectionary 폭동의, 반란의, 폭동을 좋아하는. deed 행동. destine ...할 운명이다.
affirm 승인하다. efficacious 효과가 있는. propaganda 선전. prince 公爵(공작).
toast 건배를 받는 사람, 축배. chic [복장이]멋있는.
radical-chic 급진주의 性向(성향)의. tip 기울이다. muser 깊이 생각하는 사람.
pretext 구실, 그럴싸한 핑계. psychopath 정신병자. simpleton 얼간이.
romantic 낭만주의자.
in deadly sequence 계속적인 죽음의 사건에서. prime minister 首相(수상).
empress 皇后(황후).

B. 구문
- destined→and it is destined→which is destined→being destined

30-4-130
Such assassinations, it may be argued, were less similar to al-Qaeda's than to those of the Narodniki, the members of the Russian Party of the People's Will, who believed in 'destroying the most powerful person in government' to undermine its prestige and arise the revolutionary spirit. This they had undoubtedly done in 1881 by murdering Tsar AlexanderⅡ, even though he had been a reformer and, indeed, a liberator of the serfs. In truth, the practice of assassination is as old as hills, though it got its name in the 11th-13th centuries when it was followed by the Nizari Ismailiyun, a Shia sect that considered the murder of its enemies--conducted under the influence of hashish (hence assassin)--to be a religious duty.
Mr bin Laden would surely delight in some dramatic assassinations today. Presidents and prime ministers, however, do not sit reading the newspaper on the terraces of hotels where out-of-work Italian painters wander round with revolvers in their pockets, as Canovas did, or walk the streets of Madrid unprotected while looking into bookshop windows, as Canalejas did. So Mr bin Laden must content himself with the assertion that on September 11th, 'God Almighty hit the United States at its most vulnerable spot. He destroyed its greatest buildings....It was filled with terrors from its north to its south and from its east to its west.'
The anarchists, too, were happy to resort to more indiscriminate acts of terror. 'A pound of dynamite is worth of a bushel of bullets,' said August Spies, the editor of an anarchist newspaper in Chicago, in 1886. His readers evidently agreed.A bomb thrown soon afterwards was to kill seven policemen breaking up a strikers' gathering in the city's Haymarket Square.

A. 어휘
assassination 암살. party 정당. undermine ...의 밑을 파다, ...의 토대를 침식하다.
prestige 위신, 신망. arise-arose-arisen 일으키다. reformer 개혁가. liberator 해방자.
serf 農奴(농노). sect 宗派(종파). hashish 마리화나. terrace 테라스, 臺地(대지).
out-of-work 실직하고 있는. wander 떠돌다, 방랑하다. revolver 연발권총.
content oneself 흡족해 하다(...with). assertion 주장, 斷言(단언).
God Almighty 全能(전능)의 神. vulnerable 상처받기 쉬운, 취약한.
spot 장소. resort to ...에 호소하다. indiscriminate 무차별의.
bushel 부셀(곡식 따위의 계량단위, 36리터). bullet 탄환. square 광장, 정방형, 제곱.