Capitalism can make a society rich and keep it free. Don't ask it to make you happy as well
40. Happiness, and how to measure it (The Economist December 23rd 2006)
Capitalism can make a society rich and keep it free. Don't ask it to make you happy as well
40-1-162
Having grown at an annual rate of 3.2% per head since 2000, the world economy is over half way towards notching up its best decade ever. If it keeps going at this clip, it will beat the supposedly idyllic 1950s and the 1960s. Market capitalism, the engine that runs most of the world economy, seems to be doing its job well.
But is it? Once upon a time, that job was generally agreed to be to make people better off. Nowadays that's not so clear. A number of economists, in search of big problems to solve, and politicians, looking for bold promises to make, think that it ought to be doing something else: make people happy.
The view that economics should be about more than money is widely held in continental Europe. In debates with Anglo-American capitalists, wily bons vivants have tended to cite the idea of 'quality of life' to excuse slower economic growth. But now David Cameron, that latest leader of Britain's once rather materialistic Conservative Party, has espoused the notion of 'general well-being' (GWB) as an alternative to the more traditional GDP. In America, meanwhile, inequality, over-work and other hidden costs of prosperity were much discussed in the mid-term elections; and 'wellness' (as opposed to health) has become a huge industry, catering especially to the prosperous discontent of the baby-boomers.
A. 어휘
as well 또한. at annual rate of 3.2% per head 1인당 매년 3.2%의 비율로.
over half way 가는 길의 반을 넘어서다. notch up 새김 표시로 기록하다. clip 속도.
beat ...을 능가하다. supposedly 아마도, 假定(가정)으로.
idyllic 1950s 경제가 눈부시게 발전하였던 1950년대. cf. idyllic 牧歌的(목가적)인. capitalism 자본주의. better off 보다 잘 사는. continental 대륙의. debate 토론.
wily 교활한.
bons vivant=jolly fellow, 유쾌한 사람, cf. 본문에서는 유럽대륙의 사람을 가리킴.
cite 인용하다. materialistic 물질주의적. Conservative Party 영국 보수당.
espouse [주의 따위를] 받아들이다, 지지하다, ...와 결혼하다. notion 개념.
alternative 代替(대체), 양자택일. meanwhile 한편으로는, 그 사이에.
inequality 불평등. prosperity 번영. mid-term election 중간선거.
cater...to 만족을 주다, 調達(조달)하다. prosperous 부유한. discontent 불만.
B. 구문
- The view that economics should . . .
[경제적 고려는 돈 이상의 것이어야 한다는 견해는 유럽대륙에서 널리 주장되고 있다.]
40-2-163
The things you never knew you wanted
Much of this draws on the upstart science. Its adherents start with copious survey data, such as those derived from the simple, folksy question put to thousands of Americans every year or two since 1972: 'Taken all together, how would you say things are these days--would you say that you are very happy, pretty happy or not too happy?' Some of the results are unsurprising: the rich report being happier than do the poor. But a paradox emerges that requires explanation: affluent countries have not got much happier as they have grown richer. From America to Japan, figures for well-being have barely budged.
The science of happiness offers two explanations for the paradox. Capitalism, it notes, is adept at turning luxuries into necessities--bringing to the masses what the elites have always enjoyed. But the flip side of this genius is that people come to take for granted things they once coveted from afar. Frills they never thought they could have become essentials that they cannot do without. People are stuck on a treadmill: as they achieve a better standard of living, they become inured to its pleasures.
Capitalism's ability to take things downmarket also has its limits. Many of the things people most prize--such as the top jobs, the best education, or an exclusive home address--are luxuries by necessity. An elite schooling, for example, ceases to be so if it is provided to everyone. These 'positional goods', as they are called, are in fixed supply: you can enjoy them only if others does not. The amount of money and effort required to grab them depends on how much your rivals are putting in.
A. 어휘
draw on 끌어들이다, [신발, 옷을] 걸치다.
upstart 벼락출세한, 오만불손한, 최근에 나타난, 벼락출세한 사람.
adherent 신봉자, 가맹자, 당원. copious 대량의, 풍부한. derive [원천에서] 끌어내다.
folksy 서민적인. taken all together 모든 것을 고려해 볼 때. paradox 逆說(역설).
emerge 나타나다, 출현하다. affluent 부유한, 풍요한. figure 수, 숫자.
well-being 행복. figures for well-being 행복의 數値(수치). barely 거의...않다.
budge 조금 움직이다. adept 숙련된, 精通(정통)한. masses 일반대중.
flip side 레코드의 뒷면. come to take for granted 당연한 것으로 생각하게 되다.
covet 턱없이 탐내다. frill 高價品(고가품). cf. frill 주름장식, 목털, 허식.
stick-stuck-stuck 선 채로 꼼짝못하다, 움직이지 못하게 되다, 붙이다.
treadmill 발로 밟아 돌리는 바퀴[징벌로 죄수가 밟아야 하는], 쳇바퀴.
inure 단련되다, 익숙하게 되다. take things downmarket 시장에서 쉽게 구하다.
prize 소중히 여기다. exclusive 專用(전용)의, 독점적인, 배타적인.
by necessity 필연적으로, 不得不(부득불), 필요해서, 할 수 없이. schooling 학교교육.
cease 중지하다, 끝내다. positional 위치의, 지위의. goods 상품.
positional goods 위치상품(소수만이 소유해야 가치가 있는 상품). fixed 고정된.
fixed supply 공급이 한정되어 있는 상품. amount 양. grab 움켜쥐다.
B. 구문
- The things you never knew you wanted.
[당신이 원한다고 생각하지 않았던 물건]
- those derived→those which are derived
- question put to→question which is put to
[제시된 질문]
- Frills they never thought . . . cannot do without.
[그들(일반대중)이 가질 수 있을 것이라고는 결코 생각하지 못했던 고가품들이 없어서는 살아갈 수 없는 필수품이 되어 버린다.]
- The amount of money . . . are putting in.
[그것들을 획득하는 데 요구되는 돈과 노력의 양은 경쟁자들이 얼마나 많이 지불하느냐에 좌우된다.]
40. Happiness, and how to measure it (The Economist December 23rd 2006)
Capitalism can make a society rich and keep it free. Don't ask it to make you happy as well
40-1-162
Having grown at an annual rate of 3.2% per head since 2000, the world economy is over half way towards notching up its best decade ever. If it keeps going at this clip, it will beat the supposedly idyllic 1950s and the 1960s. Market capitalism, the engine that runs most of the world economy, seems to be doing its job well.
But is it? Once upon a time, that job was generally agreed to be to make people better off. Nowadays that's not so clear. A number of economists, in search of big problems to solve, and politicians, looking for bold promises to make, think that it ought to be doing something else: make people happy.
The view that economics should be about more than money is widely held in continental Europe. In debates with Anglo-American capitalists, wily bons vivants have tended to cite the idea of 'quality of life' to excuse slower economic growth. But now David Cameron, that latest leader of Britain's once rather materialistic Conservative Party, has espoused the notion of 'general well-being' (GWB) as an alternative to the more traditional GDP. In America, meanwhile, inequality, over-work and other hidden costs of prosperity were much discussed in the mid-term elections; and 'wellness' (as opposed to health) has become a huge industry, catering especially to the prosperous discontent of the baby-boomers.
A. 어휘
as well 또한. at annual rate of 3.2% per head 1인당 매년 3.2%의 비율로.
over half way 가는 길의 반을 넘어서다. notch up 새김 표시로 기록하다. clip 속도.
beat ...을 능가하다. supposedly 아마도, 假定(가정)으로.
idyllic 1950s 경제가 눈부시게 발전하였던 1950년대. cf. idyllic 牧歌的(목가적)인. capitalism 자본주의. better off 보다 잘 사는. continental 대륙의. debate 토론.
wily 교활한.
bons vivant=jolly fellow, 유쾌한 사람, cf. 본문에서는 유럽대륙의 사람을 가리킴.
cite 인용하다. materialistic 물질주의적. Conservative Party 영국 보수당.
espouse [주의 따위를] 받아들이다, 지지하다, ...와 결혼하다. notion 개념.
alternative 代替(대체), 양자택일. meanwhile 한편으로는, 그 사이에.
inequality 불평등. prosperity 번영. mid-term election 중간선거.
cater...to 만족을 주다, 調達(조달)하다. prosperous 부유한. discontent 불만.
B. 구문
- The view that economics should . . .
[경제적 고려는 돈 이상의 것이어야 한다는 견해는 유럽대륙에서 널리 주장되고 있다.]
40-2-163
The things you never knew you wanted
Much of this draws on the upstart science. Its adherents start with copious survey data, such as those derived from the simple, folksy question put to thousands of Americans every year or two since 1972: 'Taken all together, how would you say things are these days--would you say that you are very happy, pretty happy or not too happy?' Some of the results are unsurprising: the rich report being happier than do the poor. But a paradox emerges that requires explanation: affluent countries have not got much happier as they have grown richer. From America to Japan, figures for well-being have barely budged.
The science of happiness offers two explanations for the paradox. Capitalism, it notes, is adept at turning luxuries into necessities--bringing to the masses what the elites have always enjoyed. But the flip side of this genius is that people come to take for granted things they once coveted from afar. Frills they never thought they could have become essentials that they cannot do without. People are stuck on a treadmill: as they achieve a better standard of living, they become inured to its pleasures.
Capitalism's ability to take things downmarket also has its limits. Many of the things people most prize--such as the top jobs, the best education, or an exclusive home address--are luxuries by necessity. An elite schooling, for example, ceases to be so if it is provided to everyone. These 'positional goods', as they are called, are in fixed supply: you can enjoy them only if others does not. The amount of money and effort required to grab them depends on how much your rivals are putting in.
A. 어휘
draw on 끌어들이다, [신발, 옷을] 걸치다.
upstart 벼락출세한, 오만불손한, 최근에 나타난, 벼락출세한 사람.
adherent 신봉자, 가맹자, 당원. copious 대량의, 풍부한. derive [원천에서] 끌어내다.
folksy 서민적인. taken all together 모든 것을 고려해 볼 때. paradox 逆說(역설).
emerge 나타나다, 출현하다. affluent 부유한, 풍요한. figure 수, 숫자.
well-being 행복. figures for well-being 행복의 數値(수치). barely 거의...않다.
budge 조금 움직이다. adept 숙련된, 精通(정통)한. masses 일반대중.
flip side 레코드의 뒷면. come to take for granted 당연한 것으로 생각하게 되다.
covet 턱없이 탐내다. frill 高價品(고가품). cf. frill 주름장식, 목털, 허식.
stick-stuck-stuck 선 채로 꼼짝못하다, 움직이지 못하게 되다, 붙이다.
treadmill 발로 밟아 돌리는 바퀴[징벌로 죄수가 밟아야 하는], 쳇바퀴.
inure 단련되다, 익숙하게 되다. take things downmarket 시장에서 쉽게 구하다.
prize 소중히 여기다. exclusive 專用(전용)의, 독점적인, 배타적인.
by necessity 필연적으로, 不得不(부득불), 필요해서, 할 수 없이. schooling 학교교육.
cease 중지하다, 끝내다. positional 위치의, 지위의. goods 상품.
positional goods 위치상품(소수만이 소유해야 가치가 있는 상품). fixed 고정된.
fixed supply 공급이 한정되어 있는 상품. amount 양. grab 움켜쥐다.
B. 구문
- The things you never knew you wanted.
[당신이 원한다고 생각하지 않았던 물건]
- those derived→those which are derived
- question put to→question which is put to
[제시된 질문]
- Frills they never thought . . . cannot do without.
[그들(일반대중)이 가질 수 있을 것이라고는 결코 생각하지 못했던 고가품들이 없어서는 살아갈 수 없는 필수품이 되어 버린다.]
- The amount of money . . . are putting in.
[그것들을 획득하는 데 요구되는 돈과 노력의 양은 경쟁자들이 얼마나 많이 지불하느냐에 좌우된다.]
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