Happiness, and how to measure it ¨é

The Social Limits to Growth, many good things in life are "positional".
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To find the market system wanting because it does not bring joy as well as growth is to place too heavy a burden on it. Capitalism can make you well off. And it also leaves you free to be as unhappy as you choose. To ask any more of it would be asking too much.

* Happiness and economics
But Lord Layard argues that we cannot help minding other people's business, as well as our own. Doing well is not enough: we also want to do better than our peers. This status anxiety runs deep in our nature, he says. Velvet monkeys at the top of their social tree enjoy more mates and bananas as a result, but they also exult in their position for its own sake. As with monkeys, so with mandarins. Top British civil servants tend to live longer than their underlings, regardless of other differences in lifestyle, according to the 'Whitehall ¥±¡° studies which have been monitoring thousands of Humphreys and Bernards since the 1980s.
. . . As Fred Hirsch argued in his 1977 book, The Social Limits to Growth, many good things in life are 'positional'. You can enjoy them only if others don't. Sometimes, a quick car, fine suit or attractive house is not enough. One must have the fastest car, finest suit or priciest house.
Think of the scramble for schools, Mr Frank says. Only 10% of kids can go to the top 10% of schools. In many countries, wherever the schools are good, the houses will be expensive. Thus parents who want the best education for their child must overwork to afford a house in a good school district. In doing so, however, they raise the bar for everyone else.
Is mutual disarmament possible? Not without government help, Mr Frank and Lord Layard argue. The exchequer should tax earned income heavily enough to deter one-upmanship, they say.

A. ¾îÈÖ
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status ÁöÀ§. our nature ¿ì¸®ÀÇ º»¼º. as a result ±× °á°ú. exult in ±â»µÇÏ´Ù.
for its own sake ±× ÀÚü·Î¼­. mandarin °ü¸®. civil servant °ø¹«¿ø.
underling ºÎÇÏÁ÷¿ø. Whitehall ¿µ±¹Á¤ºÎ, LondonÀÇ Á߾Ӻο¡ ÀÖ´Â °Å¸®À̸§[°üû°¡].
Humphreys and Bernards Æò¹üÇÑ ÀÏ¹Ý »ç¶÷µé[º»¹®¿¡¼­´Â Çϱްø¹«¿øµé].
scramble ÀïÅ», ¼­·Î ´ÙÅõ¾î »©¾Ñ±â. school district ùÊÏ¡(Çб¸). bar À庮, Â÷´Ü¹°.
mutual »óÈ£. disarmament ¹«ÀåÇØÁ¦, ±ººñÃà¼Ò. exchequer À繫ºÎÀå°ü.
one-upmanship »ó´ëº¸´Ù ÇÑ ¹ß ¾Õ¼­´Â °Í.

B. ±¸¹®
- it also leaves you . . . asking too much.
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