44. Stub out that weed for ever
Jul 24th 2008 | NEW YORK From The Economist print edition

A powerful duo against a doughty foe

44-1-186
WHEN two of the world’s richest and mightiest men pledge to destroy an enemy, it is time to pay attention. Bill Gates, the former boss of Microsoft who now devotes all his time to his charitable foundation, travelled this week to New York, the city run by Michael Bloomberg, to join his fellow billionaire’s campaign to stamp out smoking.
Have the two potentates met their match? Despite decades of work by health campaigners, more than one billion people still smoke today. Smoking kills up to half of those who fail to quit puffing, reducing their lives by an average of 10 to 15 years. The World Health Organisation (WHO) says more than 5m people a year die early from the effects (direct or indirect) of tobacco. That exceeds the combined toll of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.
Despite that dismal situation, there are three reasons to give the latest pair of campaigners a slim chance of success: money, methods and motivation. Messrs Gates and Bloomberg vowed to spend a combined total of $500m on discouraging the weed. Since Mr Bloomberg’s charity had already announced an award of $125m earlier, the new money pledged this week totalled a “mere” $375m: $250m from the mayor, and a fresh $125m from the software magnate’s philanthropic outfit.

A. 어휘
stub 그루터기, [쓰러진 나무의] 뿌리, 꽁초. stub out 뿌리를 뽑다. weed 잡초.
duo 2重奏(중주), 2인조. doughty 강한. foe 적, 敵手(적수). mighty 힘이 있는, 위대한.
pledge 서약(약속)하다. former boss 前 회장. devote 헌신하다. charitable 자비로운.
charitable foundation 자선재단. run 경영하다. stamp out 밟아서 끄다, 진압하다.
potentate 有力者(유력자), 지배자. meet one's match 호적수를 만나다.
despite ...함에도 불구하고(전치사). quit-quit(quitted)-quit(quitted) 그만 두다.
puffing 흡연, 훅하고 불기. reduce 감소시키다. average 평균.
5m=5 million. exceed 초과하다. toll 사상자 수, 요금. tuberculosis 결핵.
dismal 陰散(음산)한, 쓸쓸한, 무시무시한.
the latest pair of campaigners →Bill Gates and Michael Bloomberg.
slim 가느다란, 호리호리한. motivation 동기부여. Messrs→ Mr.의 복수형.
vow 서약하다. weed 잡초, 담배. charity 자선, 博愛(박애). award 상금.
magnate 거물, 유력자, 부호. philanthropic 박애의. outfit 단체, 장비.

B. 구문
- the new money pledged→the new money which was pledged.

44-2-187
How will this cash be spent? In quite innovative ways, and that is a second reason for optimism. Hitherto, most anti-smoking funds have been channelled through a few large bureaucracies. But Mr Bloomberg’s charity wants to let a thousand flowers bloom: in other words, to lend a hand to many initiatives, both public and private, to see what works. There will be a competitive grant scheme for poor countries where the tobacco habit is spreading.
The very fact that two giants are teaming up is a landmark in American philanthropy--comparable to Warren Buffett‘s decision, two years ago, to put his fortune at the disposal of Mr Gates’s foundation. As part of their joint commitment, Mr Gates is giving some of his $125m directly to Mr Bloomberg’s charity; the rest will go to carefully monitored projects in India, China and other places where the number of smokers is rising relentlessly.
Then there is motivation. There are other big players in this cause, and that should induce every new entrant to try bringing something fresh to the party. Earlier this year the WHO started a campaign against tobacco known as MPower. One of its selling points was that in contrast with many other projects, it had a fairly clear idea about what was needed. WHO experts have listed a series of tactics, ranging from aggressive public education to a rise in tobacco taxes, that deliver results. (Even if high taxes lead to some smuggling and diversion, studies done in Brazil, for example, show that fiscal measures do curb consumption.) The World Bank, which funded that research, is also thought to be ready to join the anti-smoking scrum after years of paying little attention.
A crowded field, indeed. But having an extra $500m from two hard-driven billionaires surely won’t hurt.

A. 어휘
innovative 혁신적인. optimism 낙관, 낙천주의. hitherto 지금까지.
bureaucracy 관료기구, 관료제도. bloom 꽃이 피다. initiative 솔선하는 사람(단체).
competitive 경쟁적인. grant 수여, 下賜(하사), 交付金(교부금).
landmark [길잡이가 되는 육지의] 眼標(안표), 획기적인 사건.
comparable 비교될 수 있는. fortune 재산.
at the disposal of ...의 처분에 맡기다, 마음대로 할 수 있는. joint 공동의.
commitment 위임, 공약, 헌신. monitor [방송, 전파 따위를] 감시하다, 청취하다.
relentlessly 가차없이, 무정하게. cause 운동, 대의명분. induce 권유하다.
entrant 新入生(신입생), 참가자. selling point 판매할 때의 강조점. contrast 대조.
fairly 상당히, 충분히. expert 전문가. tactics 전술. range [범위가]...에 걸치다.
aggressive 공격적인. public education 대중교육. deliver 배달하다, 배출하다.
deliver results 결과를 내다. smuggling 밀수.
diversion 다른 데로 돌리기, 流用(유용), 전환. fiscal 財政(재정)의. measure 조치.
curb 억제하다. consumption 소비. scrum 격투, 난투.
a crowded field [금연운동] 투사들로 가득 찬 경기장.

B. 구문
- do→ 강조동사.