45. Making Capitalism More Creative
TIME. Thursday, Jul. 31, 2008 By BILL GATES

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Capitalism has improved the lives of billions of people something that's easy to forget at a time of great economic uncertainty. But it has left out billions more. They have great needs, but they can't express those needs in ways that matter to markets. So they are stuck in poverty, suffer from preventable diseases and never have a chance to make the most of their lives. Governments and nonprofit groups have an irreplaceable role in helping them, but it will take too long if they try to do it alone. It is mainly corporations that have the skills to make technological innovations work for the poor. To make the most of those skills, we need a more creative capitalism: an attempt to stretch the reach of market forces so that more companies can benefit from doing work that makes more people better off. We need new ways to bring far more people into the system capitalism that has done so much good in the world.
There's much still to be done, but the good news is that creative capitalism is already with us. Some corporations have identified brand-new markets among the poor for life-changing technologies like cell phones. Others sometimes with a nudge from activists have seen how they can do good and do well at the same time. To take a real-world example, a few years ago I was sitting in a bar with Bono, and frankly, I thought he was a little nuts. It was late, we'd had a few drinks, and Bono was all fired up over a scheme to get companies to help tackle global poverty and disease. He kept dialing the private numbers of top executives and thrusting his cell phone at me to hear their sleepy yet enthusiastic replies. As crazy as it seemed that night, Bono's persistence soon gave birth to the (RED) campaign. Today companies like Gap, Hallmark and Dell sell (RED)-branded products and donate a portion of their profits to fight AIDS. (Microsoft recently signed up too.) It's a great thing: the companies make a difference while adding to their bottom line, consumers get to show their support for a good cause, and most important lives are saved. In the past year and a half, (RED) has generated $100 million for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, helping put nearly 80,000 people in poor countries on lifesaving drugs and helping more than 1.6 million get tested for HIV. That's creative capitalism at work.

A. 어휘
uncertainty 불안정. leave out 빼다, 무시하다, 생략하다.
matter to markets 시장에 중요하다[市場性(시장성)이 있다]
stick-stuck-stuck 固着(고착)되다. suffer 고통받다. preventable 예방 가능한.
make the most of ...을 최대한으로 활용하다. nonprofit groups 비영리단체.
irreplaceable [다른 것과] 대치할 수 없는, 둘도 없는. corporation 회사, 조합.
innovation 혁신. stretch 뻗치다. reach [작용, 힘] 미치는 범위.
better off 보다 잘 사는. identify 인정하다. brand-new 아주 새로운.
cell phone 휴대폰. nudge 팔꿈치로 가볍게 찌르기. do good 좋은 일을 하다.
do well [일이나 사업을] 잘 하다. Bono 영국의 유명한 가수.
nuts 奇人(기인), 미치광이. tackle 대결하다. top executives 최고 경영자.
thrust-thrust-thrust ...을 밀다, 찌르다. enthusiastic 열성적인.
persistence 고집, 인내. give birth to ...을 탄생시키다.
(RED)-branded products 레드(RED) 상표의 제품. donate 기부하다.
make a difference 영향을 주다, 차이를 낳다.
bottom-line [기업이 작성한 결산보고의] 마지막 숫자[순익 또는 순손실을 나타냄].
generate 생성하다. tuberculosis 결핵.

B. 구문
- an attempt to stretch . . . more people better off.
cf .so that . . . can(may)→을 할 수 있도록 하기 위하여(목적의 부사절).
[더욱더 많은 회사들이 더욱더 많은 사람들이 보다 잘 살도록 하는 일을 함으로써 이익을 내도록 하기 위하여 市場(시장)의 힘의 범위를 넓히려는 시도.(회사가 상품을 판매할 수 있는 시장을 확대하여 수익도 내고 가난의 퇴치에도 도움을 주려는 시도)].
-As crazy as it seemed that night→Though it seemed crazy that night.
- adding to their bottom-line 순익을 증가시키며.
- helping put→helping to put

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Creative capitalism isn't some big new economic theory. And it isn't a knock on capitalism itself. It is a way to answer a vital question: How can we most effectively spread the benefits of capitalism and the huge improvements in quality of life it can provide to people who have been left out?

The World Is Getting Better
It might seem strange to talk about creative capitalism when we're paying more than $4 for a gallon of gas and people are having trouble paying their mortgages. There's no doubt that today's economic troubles are realpeople feel them deeply, and they deserve immediate attention. Creative capitalism isn't an answer to the relatively short-term ups and downs of the economic cycle. It's a response to the longer-term fact that too many people are missing out on a historic, century-long improvement in the quality of life. In many nations, life expectancy has grown dramatically in the past 100 years. More people vote in elections, express their views and enjoy economic freedom than ever before. Even with all the problems we face today, we are at a high point of human well-being. The world is getting a lot better.

A. 어휘
theory 이론, 학설. vital 대단히 중요한, 생명에 없어서는 안될.
effectively 효과적으로. spread-spread-spread 확산시키다. improvement 개선.
gas=gasoline. mortgage 抵當(저당). deserve ...을 받을 만 하다.
relatively 상대적으로. short-term 단기간. miss out 놓치다, 빠뜨리다.
life expectancy 평균수명