66-3-314
That is because new viral diseases generally happen when a virus mutates in a way that allows it to jump species, and then continues to evolve to exploit its new host. If that evolution makes the virus more virulent, so much the worse for the host. HIV, the AIDS-causing virus, lived happily and benignly in chimpanzees before it became a scourge of people. In Mexico, the early indications are that two pig viruses that can infect people but rarely pass from person to person recombined with each other to create a virus which does so easily.
Changes in virulence have certainly happened before in influenza epidemics, which have struck in successive waves of different severity. The message is that it makes sense to put money and effort into containing the new infection even if it does turn out to be relatively harmless today. The more people who have the virus, the more virus particles there are for that one, fatal mutation to appear in.
Resistance is another reason to try to contain an epidemic early. New antiviral drugs that were not around during past epidemics seem to be effective against the current outbreak. But natural selection is a powerful force, and if the spread of the disease means they have to be used widely, a resistant strain of the virus could easily evolve.

A. 어휘
mutate 돌연변이를 일으키다. viral 바이러스의.
jump species 種(종)의 경계를 뛰어 넘다. evolve 진화하다.
exploit 이용하다, 개발하다. host 宿主(숙주). evolution 진화.
virulent 치명적인, 猛毒(맹독)의. benign 상냥한, 온화한. scourge 천벌, 재앙의 원인.
indication 徵候(징후), 표시, 지시. recombine 재결합하다.
strike-struck-struck 타격을 가하다, 急襲(급습)하다. successive 연속적인.
wave 波(파), 파동. severity 격렬, 酷甚(혹심), 고통. contain 억제하다, 저지하다.
particle 입자, 조각. fatal 치명적인. resistance (약품에 대한)저항력, 耐性(내성).
current 현재의. outbreak 돌발, 발생. natural selection 자연선택(도태).

B. 구문
- In Mexico, the early indications . . . a virus which does so easily.
[멕시코에서는 사람을 감염시킬 수는 있지만 사람과 사람사이에는 전염이 거의 되지 않는 두 종류의 돼지 바이러스가 재결합하여 사람간에도 쉽게 전파되는 新種(신종) 바이러스를 창출하였다는 것이 초기의 징후였다.]
- The more people who have . . . fatal mutation to appear in.
cf. fatal mutation to appear in→and fatal mutation appears in. 부정사 'to'는 접속사(and, but, when, if 등)의 기능도 가진다.
[ 해당 바이러스에 더 많은 사람이 감염될 수록 그 바이러스의 입자도 더 많아지고 그러면 변종바이러스가 나타나게 된다.]
- Resistance is another reason to try to contain an epidemic early.
[병균이 가지게 되는 내성도 전염병을 초기에 억제해야될 또 하나의 이유가 된다.]
- if the spread of the disease means . . . the virus could easily evolve.
cf. they→New antiviral drugs
[그 병의 확산이 해당 抗(항)바이러스 약을 널리 사용해야 된다는 것을 의미한다면
내성이 있는 新種(신종) 바이러스가 쉽게 출현할 수 있을 것이다.]

66-4-315
Don't wait till winter
Now is the time to prepare for the worst. Fluincluding pandemic flutends to be seasonal. The infection will probably tail off in the north over the next few months and head south as winter gets a grip on the Earth's less populated hemisphere. It would make sense, therefore, to put the antiviral factories on overtime immediately, and try to develop, manufacture and distribute a vaccine.
Crash vaccine programmes pose their own risks. In 1976 flu vaccines killed a lot of people in America. But the growth of biotechnology means there are new ways of making vaccines and new types of vaccine to make. Mostly, these have been aimed at the threat of bird flu. But laboratories will already be clearing the decks to receive their first samples of the new swine flu, and getting to work on countermeasures.
And there is one further lesson. The system of checking for new diseases also needs to be improved. Partly because everyone was looking at Asia, no one was concentrating on Mexico. But as genetic sequencing becomes cheap and routine, it ought to be possible to pick dangerous mutations up quickly.

A. 어휘
tail off 차츰 사라지다. head south 남쪽으로 향하다. grip 붙잡기, 장악.
less-populated 인구가 보다 적은. hemisphere 半球(반구). put on 稼動(가동)시키다.
distribute 분배하다. crash 應急(용급)의, 긴급의. pose 문제를 일으키다.
laboratory 약품제조공장, 실험실. deck 갑판.
clear the decks 활동준비를 하다, 전투준비를 하다. swine 돼지.
countermeasure 대책, 대항책. lesson 교훈. genetic sequencing 유전자 계열작업.
routine 일상적인, 상례적인.