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For freedom-watchers in the West, the worrying thing is that the cause of liberal democracy is not merely suffering political reverses, it is also in intellectual retreat. Semi-free countries, uncertain which direction to take, seem less convinced that the liberal path is the way of the future. And in the West, opinion-makers are quicker to acknowledge democracy's drawbacks -and the apparent fact that contested elections do more harm than good when other preconditions for a well-functioning system are absent. It is a sign of the times that a British reporter, Humphrey Hawksley, has written a book with the title: "Democracy Kills: What's So Good About the Vote?".
A more nuanced argument, against the promotion of electoral democracy at the expense of other goals, has been made by other observers. Paul Collier, an Oxford professor, has asserted that democracy in the absence of other desirables, like the rule of law, can hobble a country's progress. Mark Malloch-Brown, a former head of the UN Development Programme, is still a believer in democracy as a driver of economic advancement, but he thinks that in countries like Afghanistan, the West has focused too much on procedures-like multi-party elections-and is not open enough to the idea that other kinds of consensus might exist. At the University of California, Randall Peerenboom defends the "East Asian model", according to which economic development naturally precedes democracy.
Whatever the eggheads may be saying, there are some obvious reasons why Western governments' zeal to promote democracy, and the willingness of other countries to listen, have ebbed. In many quarters (including Western ones), the assault on Saddam Hussein's Iraq, and its bloody aftermath, seemed to confirm people's suspicion that promoting democracy as an American foreign-policy aim was ill-conceived or plain cynical.
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cause »çȸÀûÀÎ ¿îµ¿, ÁÖÀå, ÓÞëùÙ£ÝÂ(´ëÀǸíºÐ).
reverse æ½ú¼(¿ªÇà), ¿ªÈ¸Àü. retreat ÈÄÅð. drawbacks °áÁ¡, Àå¾Ö.
apparent ¸í¹éÇÑ. contested ´ÙÅõ´Â, °æÀïÇÏ´Â. precondition ÀüÁ¦Á¶°Ç.
times dzÁ¶, ½Ã´ë, ã¼á§(½Ã¼¼).
nuance ÀǹÌÀÇ ¹Ì¹¦ÇÑ Â÷ÀÌ. assert ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Ù. desirables ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ °Í.
hobble ¹æÇØÇÏ´Ù, Àý¸§°Å¸®´Ù. driver ̲ìÚó³(°ßÀÎÂ÷), ÔÑÕôó³(µ¿·ÂÂ÷).
procedures ÀýÂ÷, ¼ö´Ü. consensus ÀÏÄ¡, ÇÕÀÇ, õÅëò(ÃÑÀÇ).
precede à»ú¼(¼±Çà)ÇÏ´Ù. egghead ÀÎÅÚ¸®. obvious ¸í¹éÇÑ.
zeal æðëò(¿ÀÇ). ebb ÷ÜðÍ(ÅðÁ¶)ÇÏ´Ù, ½ä¹°. quarters Áö¿ª.
assault °ø°Ý. aftermath æ®÷ï(¿©ÆÄ), °á°ú. ill-conceived Àß ¸ø »ý°¢ÇÑ.
plain ¿ÏÀüÈ÷, ¸í·áÇϰÔ. cynical ³Ã¼ÒÀûÀÎ, ±î´Ù·Î¿î, ³²À» ¹ÏÁö ¾Ê´Â.
B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
à¤Ï±(¼±¸)ÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ ÆÄ¼ö²ÛµéÀÇ °ÆÁ¤Àº ÀÚÀ¯¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ¿îµ¿Àº Á¤Ä¡Àû ¿ªÇàÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °íÅëÀ» ¹ÞÀ» »Ó ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÁöÀûÀ¸·Îµµ ÈÄÅðÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î´À ¹æÇâÀ¸·Î °¡¾ßÇÒÁö¸¦ È®½Å ¸øÇÏ´Â Úâ(¹Ý) ÀÚÀ¯±¹°¡µéÀº ÀÚÀ¯ÀÇ ±æÀÌ ¹Ì·¡ÀÇ ±æÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» Àü º¸´Ùµµ ´ú È®½ÅÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °Íó·³ º¸ÀδÙ. ±×¸®°í ¼±¸ÀÇ ¿©·ÐÇü¼ºÃþÀº ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ °áÁ¡À»-±×¸®°í (¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀû)Á¦µµ°¡ Àß ±â´ÉÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀüÁ¦Á¶°ÇÀÌ ÝÕî¤(ºÎÀç)ÇÒ ¶§´Â °æÀïÀ» ÀüÀç·Î ÇÏ´Â ¼±°Å´Â ÀÌÀͺ¸´Ù´Â ÇØ¸¦ ³¢Ä£´Ù´Â ¸í¹éÇÑ »ç½ÇÀ»-ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ºü¸£´Ù. ¿µ±¹±âÀÚ Humphrey HawksleyÀÌ ¡°¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǰ¡ Á×À̰í ÀÖ´Ù: ÅõÇ¥°¡ ¹«½¼ ¼Ò¿ëÀÌ Àִ°¡?¡±¶ó´Â Á¦¸ñÀÇ Ã¥À» ¾´ °ÍÀº ÀÌ ½Ã´ëÀÇ Â¡Ç¥ÀÌ´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ °üÂûÀÚµéÀº ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¿©Å¸ ¸ñÇ¥¸¦ Èñ»ýÇÏ¸é¼ ¼±°Å¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ÁõÁø½ÃŰ·Á´Â °Í¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â º¸´Ù ¹Ì¹¦ÇÑ ÁÖÀåÀ» Æì°í ÀÖ´Ù. Oxford ´ëÇÐÀÇ Paul Collier ±³¼ö´Â Ûöö½(¹ýÄ¡)¿Í °°Àº ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ Á¶°ÇÀÇ ºÎÀç¿¡¼ ½ÃÇàÇÏ´Â ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ´Â ÇÑ ±¹°¡ÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ» ¹æÇØÇÑ´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇØ ¿Ô´Ù. Mark Malloch-Brown îñÀ¯¿£ °³¹ßÇÁ·Î±×·¥ Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ´Â ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ °æÁ¦¹ßÀüÀÇ °ßÀÎÂ÷¶ó°í ¹Ï´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌÁö¸¸ ¼¹æ¼¼°è°¡ Afghanistan°°Àº ³ª¶ó¿¡¼ ¹ÎÁÖÀû ÀýÂ÷¿¡ -´Ù´çÁ¦ ¼±°Å °°Àº-³Ê¹« Ä¡ÁßÇØ ¿ÔÀ¸¸ç ±¹¹ÎÇÕÀǸ¦ µµÃâÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î¼ ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÃæºÐÈ÷ °í·ÁÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. California´ëÇÐÀÇ Randall Peerenboom Àº °æÁ¦¹ßÀüÀÌ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ÀÚ¿¬½º·´°Ô à»ú¼(¼±Çà)ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¡°µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ ¸ðµ¨¡±À» ¿ËÈ£ÇÑ´Ù.
Áö½ÄÀεéÀÌ ¹¹¶ó°í ¸»Çϵç, ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀǸ¦ ÁõÁø½ÃŰ·Á´Â ¼¹æ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ¿¼º°ú ÀÌ¿¡ ÌËôé(°æÃ»)ÇÏ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶óµéÀÇ ¿ÀÇ´Â ÅðÁ¶ÇØ ¹ö·È´Ù. ¼¹æÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¼¼°èÀÇ ¸¹Àº Áö¿ª¿¡¼, Saddam HusseinÀÇ À̶óÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ø°Ý°ú ÀÌ·Î ÀÎÇÑ êüúì(À¯Ç÷)Àº ¹Ì±¹ ¿Ü±³Á¤Ã¥ÀÇ ¸ñÇ¥·Î¼ ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇÀÇ ÁõÁø½Ãµµ´Â À߸øµÈ »ý°¢À̾úÀ¸¸ç ¾ÆÁÖ ±î´Ù·Î¿î °ÍÀ̶ó´Â ±¹¹ÎÀÇ ÀDZ¸½ÉÀ» È®ÀÎÇØÁÖ´Â °Í °°¾Ò´Ù.
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