130-9-623
For all its frustrations, open and accountable government tends in the long run to produce better policies. This is because no group of mandarins, no matter how enlightened or well-meaning, can claim to be sure what is best for a complex society. Autocracies tend to be too heavy at the top: although decisions may be more easily taken, the ethos of autocracies-their secrecy and paranoia-makes it harder for alternative views to emerge. Above all, elections make the transfer of power legitimate and smooth. Tyrannies may look stable under one strongman but they can slide into instability, even bloody chaos, if a transition goes awry. Free elections also mean that policy mistakes, even bad ones, are more quickly corrected. Fresh ideas can be brought in and politicians thrown out before they grow too arrogant.
But if something has been learnt from the recent backlash against democratic enthusiasm, it is that ballot boxes alone are nothing like enough. Unless solid laws protect individual and minority rights, and government power is limited by clear checks, such as tough courts, an electoral contest can simply lead to a "tyranny of the majority", as Alexis de Tocqueville, a French philosopher, called it. That point has particular force in countries where some variety of political Islam seems likely to prevail in any open contest. In such places, minorities include dissident Muslims who often prefer to remain under the relative safety offered by a despot.
A. ¾îÈÖ
frustration ÁÂÀý. accountable Ã¥ÀÓÀÌ ÀÖ´Â. mandarin °ü¸®.
enlightened ËÒÙ¥(°³¸í)µÈ, ¹®¸íȵÈ. ethos ±âdz, °ü½À.
paranoia ø¶òûÜ»(ÆíÁýº´). alternative ÓÛôð(´ëü), ´ë½ÅÀÇ.
transfer ì¹ï®(ÀÌÀü). legitimate ÇÕ¹ýÀûÀÎ. tyrannies øìïÙ(ÆøÁ¤).
strongman µ¶ÀçÀÚ. chaos È¥¶õ. transition º¯Ãµ.
awry Àß ¸øµÇ¾î¼, ±¸ºÎ·¯Áø. correct ±³Á¤ÇÏ´Ù. arrogant °Å¸¸ÇÑ, ÎöØ·(±³¸¸)ÇÑ.
backlash ÚãÔÑ(¹Ýµ¿), ¹Ý¹ß. solid öÀúÇÑ, ÃæºÐÇÑ, ¾ËÂù, °íüÀÇ.
prevail ¿ì¼¼ÇÏ´Ù, ³Î¸® º¸±ÞµÇ´Ù. minorities ¼Ò¼öÆÄ, ¼Ò¼ö´ç, ¼Ò¼öÀÚ.
dissident ¹Ý´ëÀÚ. despot µ¶ÀçÀÚ, Àý´ë±ºÁÖ, Æø±º.
B. ÓÞëù(´ëÀÇ)
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±×·¯³ª ¿¼ºÀû ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ¹Ý¹ß¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ ¹è¿ï Á¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ±×°ÍÀº ÅõÇ¥¸¸À¸·Î´Â Àý´ë·Î ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¹ýÀÌ °³Àΰú ¼Ò¼öÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ÃæºÐÈ÷ º¸È£ÇÏÁö ¸øÇϰí Á¤ºÎÀÇ ±Ç·ÂÀÌ °·ÂÇÑ ¹ýÁ¤ °°Àº ¾ïÁ¦ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦ÇѹÞÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ÇÁ¶û½º öÇÐÀÚ Alexis de TocquevilleÀÌ ÁöÀûÇÑ ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ àÔËáîú(¼±°ÅÀü)Àº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¡°´Ù¼öÀÇ ÆøÁ¤¡±À¸·Î À̲ø ¼ö ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¡(´Ù¼öÀÇ ÆøÁ¤)Àº ¾î¶² Á¾·ùÀÇ Á¤Ä¡Àû À̽½¶÷ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ø°³ ¼±°ÅÀü¿¡¼ ¿ì¼¼ÇÑ ³ª¶ó¿¡¼´Â Ưº°ÇÑ ÈûÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·± Áö¿ª¿¡¼ ¼Ò¼öÆÄ´Â Æø±ºÀÌ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â »ó´ëÀûÀÎ ¾ÈÀü ¼Ó¿¡ Á¸¼ÓÇϱ⸦ ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â ¹ÝüÁ¦ ¹«½½¸²À» Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.
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