139-1-651
FIFTY years ago Egypt looked oddly similar to another country. It had nearly the same population which was growing similarly fast, the same low income per person, the same proportion of relatively few city dwellers to lots of peasants working tiny plots, and similar life expectancy. With dangerous enemies on their borders, both countries were weighed down by heavy military spending. Both were run by quasi-dictators, complete with strict censorship and a pervasive secret police.
Egypt has made a lot of progress since then, particularly in recent years. But the other country, South Korea, has developed far faster. It has become a leading industrial power, a technological innovator and a vibrant democracy. Its people are now five times richer than Egypt¡¯s (at purchasing-power parity against the dollar at prevailing exchange rates the gap is far bigger), and on average live nearly ten years longer. The only measure on which South Korea lags behind is population growth. Whereas it had around 25m people in 1960 and now has double that number, Egypt¡¯s population has nearly tripled.
Such comparisons are doubtless unfair. The East Asian context is very different from the Middle Eastern one, and seen from the Pacific perspective South Korea¡¯s achievement looks less unique. Besides, although in retrospect that country¡¯s model of development has been extraordinarily successful, back in the 1960s Egypt¡¯s ultimately wasteful experiments with nationalised industries and state planning were widely applauded. Plenty of Egyptians remain nostalgic for the years under President Gamal Abdel Nasser, when toilet paper and soap were scarce but the shiny new state-run factories providing jobs for life had not yet rusted and Egypt held its head high in regional affairs.
A. ¾îÈÖ
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weighed down ³»¸® ´©¸£´Ù, ¾Ð¹ÚÇÏ´Ù. quasi-dictators ëºÞÄ(À¯»ç) µ¶ÀçÀÚ.
censorship °Ë¿. pervasive ³Î¸® ¹ÌÄ¡´Â, ÆÛÁö´Â, ½º¸çµå´Â.
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nationalised industries »ê¾÷ÀÇ ÏÐêóûù(±¹À¯È). applaud ¹Ú¼ö°¥Ã¤ÇÏ´Ù.
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