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Syria May Have Nuclear Ties
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By MARK MAZZETTI and HELENE COOPER
Published: September 15, 2007
WASHINGTON, Sept. 14 — A State Department official said Friday that the United States had concerns about Syria¡¯s involvement in illicit nuclear activities and suggested that North Korea might be aiding the Syrians in their efforts.

Andrew Semmel, a top official on countering the spread of nuclear weapons, said that Syria may have a number of ¡°secret suppliers¡± for a covert nuclear program, and that North Korean technicians were currently operating inside Syria.

His comments, in an interview with The Associated Press in Rome, came in response to questions about an Israeli airstrike inside Syria last week. Neither Israel nor the United States has confirmed what targets the Israeli jets hit, and the government in Jerusalem has imposed a blanket restriction on the Israeli news media from reporting details about the raid.

American officials have been similarly tight-lipped, and officials who ordinarily see intelligence reports on such issues say their access has been restricted.

Mr. Semmel did not specify whether the technicians in Syria were specialists in nuclear technology; North Korea has long supplied Syria with missile technology. Some weapons experts said they were skeptical that Syria was in league with North Korea to build a secret program.

Damascus is not thought to have made serious efforts in the past to develop nuclear weapons, and those experts said it was unlikely that the Syrians could afford such a program or had the technical expertise to sustain it.

The speculation about possible North Korean activities inside Syria is heightening the Bush administration¡¯s concern about the future of its diplomatic efforts to dismantle North Korea¡¯s nuclear program. The Bush administration¡¯s top negotiator for North Korea, Christopher R. Hill, said that the United States still planned to go ahead with an agreement for food and fuel aid to North Korea in exchange for its decision to dismantle its nuclear program.

¡°We¡¯ve always been concerned about the issue of proliferation,¡± Mr. Hill told reporters during a news conference at the State Department. ¡°To me, this simply is an important reminder of the need to accelerate the process which we¡¯ve already engaged in, to achieve denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.¡±

He declined to say whether the United States had sought a specific explanation from North Korean officials, and added that the issue ¡°does not change the goal of what we¡¯re aiming for.¡±

A Bush administration official said earlier this week that over the past several weeks, Israel had conducted several aerial surveillance flights over Syria to take pictures of what Israeli officials were said to believe could be possible nuclear development installations.

North Korea¡¯s government took the unusual step of publicly condemning the Israeli strike. The Chinese state-run news agency Xinhua cited a North Korean Foreign Ministry official on Tuesday as calling the Israeli strike ¡°a very dangerous provocation, little short of wantonly violating the sovereignty of Syria and seriously harassing the regional peace and security.¡±

Some who advocate a hard-line stance toward North Korea, including former top Bush administration officials, said that possible intelligence about North Korea¡¯s efforts to aid Syria should halt diplomatic talks with Pyongyang.

¡°It would be a big mistake for the State Department to push ahead with the six-party process without this being resolved,¡± said John R. Bolton, a former United States ambassador to the United Nations, referring to the diplomatic talks with North Korea. ¡°They are rushing to finish this and declare victory, which could be a catastrophe for the president.¡±

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Syria-N. Korea Reports Won't Stop Talks

By Glenn Kessler
Washington Post Staff Writer
Saturday, September 15, 2007; Page A12

Reports that North Korea may be assisting Syria with a possible nuclear program will not derail efforts to implement a deal to end North Korea's nuclear programs, the chief U.S. negotiator said yesterday, arguing that the reports emphasized the need to complete the agreement.

U.S. sources reported this week that Israel had recently provided the United States with evidence -- known by the code name 'Orchard' -- that North Korea has been cooperating with Syria on a nuclear facility. But many outside nuclear experts have expressed skepticism that Syria, which has mostly focused on chemical and biological weapons, would be conducting nuclear trade with North Korea.


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'The reason we have the six-party process, and the reason we have put together a number of pretty serious countries in this process, is to make sure that the North Koreans get out of the nuclear business,' Assistant Secretary of State Christopher R. Hill told reporters yesterday, in advance of a new round of talks next week in Beijing. 'At the end of all this, we would expect to have a pretty clear idea of, you know, whether they have engaged in proliferation in other countries.'

To the dismay of conservative critics, the Bush administration has pressed ahead with a deal that calls for North Korea to disclose all of its nuclear activities by the end of the year. Some have argued the administration is being snookered by Pyongyang to give up concessions without learning the full extent of its activities.

The White House and the State Department generally have declined to either confirm or deny reports of the Syria-North Korea link, but one top official yesterday seemed to fan the flames. Andrew Semmel, acting deputy assistant secretary of state for nuclear nonproliferation policy, told the Associated Press yesterday in Rome that North Koreans were in Syria and that Damascus may have had contacts with 'secret suppliers' to obtain nuclear equipment. 'There are indicators that they do have something going on there,' he said.

State Department officials declined to comment on Semmel's remarks.

Meanwhile, a prominent U.S. expert on the Middle East, who has interviewed Israeli participants in a mysterious raid over Syria last week, reported that the attack appears to have been linked to the arrival three days earlier of a ship carrying material from North Korea labeled as cement.

The expert, who spoke on the condition of anonymity to avoid compromising his sources, said the target of the attack appears to have been a northern Syrian facility that was labeled an agricultural research center on the Euphrates River, close to the Turkish border. Israel has kept a close eye on the facility, believing that Syria was using it to extract uranium from phosphates.

The expert said it is not clear what the ship was carrying, but the emerging consensus in Israel was that it delivered nuclear equipment. The ship arrived Sept. 3 in the Syrian port of Tartus; the attack occurred Sept. 6 under such strict operational security that the pilots flying air cover for the attack aircraft did not know details of the mission. The pilots who conducted the attack were briefed only after they were in the air, he said.

Israel has imposed heavy censorship on reporters regarding the raid, so few details have leaked. The expert said that Israel appeared to have learned a lesson from its experience in destroying the Osiraq nuclear reactor in Iraq -- that bragging about an operation only makes it easier for the world to condemn it.

Adding to the mystery, Syria has made only muted protests about the raid, and North Korea, which rarely comments on international matters, swiftly condemned it.

Bruce Reidel, a former intelligence official at the Brookings Institution's Saban Center, said, 'It was a substantial Israeli operation, but I can't get a good fix on whether the target was a nuclear thing.' He said there was 'a great deal of skepticism that there's any nuclear angle here' and instead the facility could have been related to chemical or biological weapons.

But other sources who have been monitoring the Middle East said the attack was likely to be against a transit point for Iranian weapons bound for Hezbollah in Lebanon.

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