Ⅰ-5-5
Not so many women as men die in warfare, it is true. But that is because they are often the object of the fighting. To be abducted as sexual prize was almost certainly a common female fate in hunter-gatherer society. Forget the Garden of Eden; think Mad Max.

A. 어휘
the object of the fighting 전쟁의 목적. abduct 납치하다.
sexual prize 성적 戰利品(전리품). common female fate 여성공통의 운명.

B. 구문
to be abducted 납치당하는 것. 명사구(주어)로 쓰인 부정사.

Ⅰ-6-6
Constant warfare was necessary to keep population density down to one person per square mile. Farmers can live 100 times that density. Hunter-gatherers may have been so lithe and healthy because the weak were dead. The invention of agriculture and the advent of settled society merely swapped high mortality for high morbidity, allowing people some relief from chronic warfare so they could at least grind out existence, rather than being ground out of existence altogether.
Notice a close parallel with the industrial revolution. When rural peasants swapped their hovels for the textile mills of Lancashire, did it feel like an improvement? The Dickensian view is that factories replaced a rural idyll with urban misery, poverty, pollution and illness. Factories were indeed miserable and the urban poor were overworked and underfed. But they had flocked to take the jobs in factories often to get away from the cold, muddy, starving rural hell of their birth.

A. 어휘
population density 인구밀도.lithe 유연한. the weak 약한 사람들.
the+ 형용사→ 복수보통명사. advent 到來(도래).
settled society 정착사회, settled는 형용사로 쓰인 과거분사. swap 교환하다.
mortality 죽음을 피할 수 없음, 사망률. morbidity 병적인 상태.
relief 제거, 경감, 구원, 구제. chronic warfare 만성적인 전쟁, chronic 만성적인.
grind out 가루를 만들다, 고심해서...을 만들어내다. grind-ground-ground.
parallel 평행, 類似(유사).
industrial revolution 산업혁명. rural peasants 시골 농부. hovel 곳간, 오두막.
textile mills 직물공장. improvement 개선. idyll 전원, 전원시, 전원시적인 풍경.
misery 비참함. underfed 제대로 먹지 못하다. flock 무리, 모이다. starve 餓死(아사)하다.
Dickens 19세기 영국 런던 빈민들의 참상을 고발한 소설가.
replace. . .with ...로 교체하다.

B. 구문
-the advent of settled society 정착사회(농경사회)의 도래
-swapped high mortality for high morbidity
[높은 사망률 사회를 병약한 사람이 많은 사회와 교환하다(사망률 높은 수렵채취사 회대신 사망률은 낮지만 영양실조로 인한 병약한 사람들의 농경사회가 들어섰다.)]
-so they could at least grind out existence.
so (that)....can(may) ...을 할 수 있기 위해서.
[적어도 목숨이라도 꾸려갈 수 있기 위해서]
-rather than being ground out of existence.
being은 동명사 수동태. [목숨이 소멸되기보다는]

Ⅰ-7-7
Agriculture was presumably just another response to demographic pressure. A new threat of starvation--probably during the millenium-long dry, cold 'snap' known as the Younger Dryas about 13,000 years ago--prompted some hunter-gatherers in the Levant to turn much more vegetarian. Soon collecting wild grass seeds evolved into planting and reaping crops, which reduced people's intake of proteins and vitamins, but brought ample calories, survival and fertility.
The fact that something similar happened six more times in human history over the next few thousand years--in Asia, New Guinea, at least three places in the Americas and one in Africa--supports the notion of invention as a response to demographic pressure. In each case the early farmers, though they might be short, sick and subjugated, could at least survive and breed, enabling them eventually to overwhelm the remaining hunter-gatherers of their respective continents.

A. 어휘
presumably 아마도. demographic pressure 인구의 압박. threat 위협.
starvation 餓死(아사). snap 갑자기 닥쳐온 추위의 한 시기. prompted 촉진하다.
the Levant 동부 지중해 연안의 나라들(레바논, 이스라엘, 시리아, 터키 등).
vegetarian 채식의, 채식주의자. evolve 진화하다. reap 收穫(수확)하다.
intake 섭취. ample 큰, 충분한. fertility 肥沃(비옥), 多産(다산), 풍요. notion 생각.
subjugate 정복하다. breed 增殖(증식)하다. overwhelm 압도하다.
respective continents 각 대륙. respective 各各(각각)의.

B. 구문
-a new threat of starvation. . . .prompted . . .
[새로운 아사위협이 동부지중해연안 지역의 수렵채취 인들이 채식을 하도록 촉진하였다.]
-The fact. . . .supports. . .
[...라는 사실이 인구증가의 압력에 대응하다 보니 발명(수렵채취 도구, 농업등)의 필요성을 생각하게 되었다는 設(설)을 뒷받침한다.]
-the remaining hunter-gatherers of their respective continents
각 대륙의 殘存(잔존) 수렵채취인들