6-3-35
The public's anti-foreign bias is equally pronounced. Most Americans think the economy is seriously damaged by companies sending jobs overseas. Few economists do. People understand that the local hardware store will sell them a better, cheaper hammer than they can make themselves. Yet they are squeamish about trade with foreigners, and even more so about foreigners who enter their country to do jobs they spurn. Hence the reluctance of Democratic presidential candidates to defend free trade, even when they know it will make most voters better off, and the reluctance of their republican counterparts to defend George Bush's liberal line on immigration.
The make-work bias is best illustrated by a story, perhaps apocryphal, of an economist who visits China under Mao Ze-dong. He sees hundreds of workers building a dam with shovels. He asks: 'Why don't they use a mechanical digger?' 'That would put people out of work,' replies the foreman. 'Oh,' says the economist, 'I thought you were making a dam. If it's jobs you want, take away their shovels and give them spoons.' For an individual, the make-work bias makes some sense. He prospers if he has a job, and may lose his health insurance if he is laid off. For the nation as a whole, however, what matters is not whether people have jobs, but how they do them. The more people produce, the greater the general prosperity. It helps, therefore, if people shift from less productive occupations to more productive ones. Economists, recalling that before the industrial revolution 98% of Americans were farmers, worry far less about downsizing than ordinary people do. Politicians, however, follow the lead of ordinary people. Hence, to take a more frivolous example, Oregon's ban on self-service petrol stations.

A. 어휘
pronounced 분명한, 단호한. seriously 심각하게, 위험스럽게. damaged 손상되다.
companies sending jobs overseas 일자리를 해외로 내 보내는 회사.
local hardware store 지역(동네) 철물점. squeamish 까다로운, 잘 토하는.
spurn 쫓아내다, 냉대하다. hence 따라서. reluctance 내키지 않음, 반대.
Democratic presidential candidates (미국)민주당 대통령후보. better off 보다 잘 살다.
their republican counterparts 민주당과 쌍을 이루는 공화당 쪽 후보들.
counterpart 사본, 복사물. 상대물. liberal line 너그러운 노선.
immigration (들어오는)移民(이민). illustrate 例證(예증)하다. 삽화를 넣다.
apocryphal [저작.작품등의) 작자나 典據(전거)가 의심스러운. 僞作(위작)의.
perhaps apocryphal 아마도 가짜이겠지만. cf. though it is perhaps apocryphal.
shovel 삽. digger 掘鑿機(굴착기). foreman (노동자의)우두머리, 감독.
make sense 뜻이 있다. prosper 번영하다. foreman (노동자의)우두머리, 감독.
insurance 보험. is laid off 해고당하다. shift 이동하다. occupation 직업, 업무.
recall 생각해 내다, 상기하다. worry far less 훨씬 덜 걱정한다.
downsize (인력을) 줄이다, 소형화하다. frivolous 사소한, 불성실한, 터무니없는.
ban 금지. petrol station 주유소.

B. 구문
-Hence the reluctance of . . . free trade.
cf. the reluctance of Democratic presidential candidates to defend.
→Democratic presidential candidates are reluctant to defend.
→Democratic presidential candidates' reluctance to defend (명사화구문)
[따라서 민주당 대통령후보들이 자유무역을 방어하기를 꺼려한다.]
-For the nation as . . . they do them.
[국가 전체로 볼 때는 중요한 것은 국민의 취업여부가 아니라 국민이 그 일을 어떻게 하느냐이다.(일의 능률 여부가 더 중요하다.)]
-to take. . . example.
cf. to take a more→ if we take a more.
[보다 더 卑近(비근)한 예를 들면.]


6-4-36
Finally, the public's pessimism is evident in its belief that most new jobs tend to be low-paying, that our children will be worse off than we are and that society is going to hell in a variety of ways. Economists, despite their dismal reputation, tend to be cheerier. Politicians have to strike a balance. They often find it useful to inflame public fears, but they have to sound confident that things will get better if they are elected.

Easier to diagnose than cure
In short, democracy is a mess. But dictatorship is worse. Mr Caplan observes that Winston Churchill's aphorism--that democracy is 'the worst form of government, except all those other forms that have been tried from time to time'--usually cuts the conservation short. He does not think it ought to. To curb the majority's tendency to impose its economic ignorance on everyone else, he suggests we rely less on government and more on private choice. Industries do better when deregulated. Religions thrive when disestablished. Market failures should be tackled, of course, but always with an eye of the unintended consequences of regulation. Mr Caplan is better at diagnosis than prescription. His book is a treat, but he will never win elective office.

A. 어휘
public's pessimism 대중의 비관주의. evident 명백하다. despite ...에도 불구하고.
dismal 어두운, 음산한. reputation 평판, 명성. strike a balance 균형을 맞추다.
inflame ...불을 붙이다. sound confident 확신하는 것처럼 말하다. diagnose 진단하다.
cure 치료하다. mess 혼잡, 뒤주박죽. dictatorship 독재. observe (소견을) 말하다.
aphorism 금언, 警句(경구). cut the conversation short 잘라 말하다. 요약하다.
impose 부담을 지우다. curb 재갈을 물리다, 억제하다. industry 기업.
deregulate 규제를 풀다. when deregulated= when they are deregulated.
thrive 번창하다. disestablish (교회의) 國敎制(국교제)를 폐지하다. tackle 멈추게 하다.
diagnosis 진단. prescription 처방. treat 대단한 것, 매우 즐거운 일.
win elective office 선출직에 당선되다.

B. 구문
-Finally, the public's pessimism . . . in a variety of ways.
cf. that most. ., that our children . . ., that society is. . .→belief 의 동격명사절.
[마지막으로, 대부분의 새로운 일자리는 저임금이 되는 경향이 있고 우리의 자식들은 현재의 우리보다 더 못살게 될 것이며 사회는 전반적으로 고통 속에 빠져들고 있다는 대중의 믿음에서 대중의 비관주의는 명백히 드러난다.]
-except all. . . from time to time.
[때때로 시도해본 (민주주의 외의) 다른 모든 (정치, 정부)형태를 제외하고.]
-To curb. . . everyone else.
[경제적 無知(무지)의 부담을 다른 사람에게 떠넘기려는 다수 대중의 경향을 억제하기 위하여.]
-with an eye. . . regulation.
[규제의 예기치 않은 결과에 주의하면서.]