45-3-189
The problem is, it's not getting better fast enough, and it's not getting better for everyone. One billion people live on less than a dollar a day. They don't have enough nutritious food, clean water or electricity. The amazing innovations that have made many lives so much better like vaccines and microchips have largely passed them by. This is where governments and nonprofits come in. As I see it, there are two great forces of human nature: self-interest and caring for others. Capitalism harnesses self-interest in a helpful and sustainable way but only on behalf of those who can pay. Government aid and philanthropy channel our caring for those who can't pay. And the world will make lasting progress on the big inequities that remain problems like AIDS, poverty and education only if governments and nonprofits do their part by giving more aid and more effective aid. But the improvements will happen faster and last longer if we can channel market forces, including innovation that's tailored to the needs of the poorest, to complement what governments and nonprofits do. We need a system that draws in innovators and businesses in a far better way than we do today.
Naturally, if companies are going to get more involved, they need to earn some kind of return. This is the heart of creative capitalism. It's not just about doing more corporate philanthropy or asking companies to be more virtuous. It's about giving them a real incentive to apply their expertise in new ways, making it possible to earn a return while serving the people who have been left out. This can happen in two ways: companies can find these opportunities on their own, or governments and nonprofits can help create such opportunities where they presently don't exist.

A. 어휘
nutritious 영양이 되는. nonprofits 비영리 단체. harness 이용하다, 馬具(마구).
sustainable 持續(지속) 가능한. on behalf of ...을 대신해서. philanthropy 博愛(박애).
channel 전달하다, ...에 수로를 내다, 수로로 운반하다. caring 돌보기(자선).
lasting 지속적인. inequity 불공평. tailor [요구. 조건에 맞도록] 짓다, 만들다.
complement 보충하다, 補完(보완)하다. draw in 끌어들이다. return 보답.
expertise 전문가적 지식, 기술. on their own 스스로의 힘으로, 자기책임아래.
opportunity 기회. presently 현재에는.

45-4-190
As C.K. Prahalad shows in his book The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, there are markets all over the world that businesses have missed. One study found that the poorest two-thirds of the world's population has some $5 trillion in purchasing power. A key reason market forces are slow to make an impact in developing countries is that we don't spend enough time studying the needs of those markets. I should know: I saw it happen at Microsoft. For many years, Microsoft has used corporate philanthropy to bring technology to people who can't get it otherwise, donating more than $3 billion in cash and software to try to bridge the digital divide. But our real expertise is in writing software that solves problems, and recently we've realized that we weren't bringing enough of that expertise to problems in the developing world. So now we're looking at inequity as a business problem as well as something to be addressed through philanthropy. We're working on projects like a visual interface that will enable illiterate or semiliterate people to use a PC instantly, with minimal training. Another project of ours lets an entire classroom full of students use a single computerwe've developed software that lets each student use her own mouse to control a specially colored cursor so that as many as 50 kids can use one computer at the same time. This is a big advance for schools where there aren't enough computers to go around, and it serves a market we hadn't examined before.

A. 어휘
trillion 1兆(조). impact 충격, 영향. bridge 다리를 놓다. divide 분열.
purchasing power 구매력. visual interface 영상 인터페이스.
illiterate 文盲(문맹)의. semiliterate 半(반) 문맹의. minimal 최소의.
cursor [컴퓨터] 커서. examine 점검하다.

B. 구문
- A key reason market forces . . . the needs of those markets.
[개발도상국가에서 시장의 힘이 작동을 하는 것이 느린 주된 이유는 그런 시장의 욕구(수요)를 연구하는 일에 충분한 시간을 바치지 않기 때문이다.]