45-7-193
Creating New Incentives
Even so, no matter how hard businesses look or how creatively they think, there are some problems in the world that aren't amenable to solution by existing market incentives. Malaria is a great example: the people who most need new drugs or a vaccine are the least able to pay, so the drugs and vaccines never get made. In these cases, governments and nonprofits can create the incentives. This is the second way in which creative capitalism can take wing. Incentives can be as straightforward as giving public praise to the companies that are doing work that serves the poor. This summer, a Dutch nonprofit called the Access to Medicine Foundation started publishing a report card that shows which pharmaceutical companies are doing the most to make sure that medicines are made for and reach people in developing countries. When I talk to executives from pharmaceutical companies, they tell me that they want to do more for neglected diseases but they at least need to get credit for it. This report card does exactly that.
Publicity is very valuable, but sometimes it's still not enough to persuade companies to get involved. Even the best p.r. may not pay the bill for 10 years of research into a new drug. That's why it's so important for governments to create more financial incentives. Under a U.S. law enacted last year, for example, any drug company that develops a new treatment for a neglected disease like malaria can get a priority review from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for another product it has made. If you develop a new drug for malaria, your profitable cholesterol drug could go on the market as much as a year earlier. Such a priority review could be worth hundreds of millions of dollars. It's a fantastic way for governments to go beyond the aid they already give and channel market forces so they improve even more lives.

A. 어휘
incentive 자극, 誘因(유인), 동기. amenable 다루기 쉬운, 기꺼이 따르는.
the least able 가장할 수 없는. take wing 날아 오르다. nonprofits 非營利(비영리)단체.
straightforward 똑바로 나가는, 간단한. public praise 공적인 칭찬.
Dutch 네덜란드의. foundation 재단. pharmaceutical company 제약회사.
do the most 최선을 다하다. executive 경영간부.
neglected disease 소홀히 취급된 질병. get credit for ...로 명성을 얻다.
publicity 홍보, 평판. get involved 참여하다. bill 계산서. financial 재정상의.
law enacted 입법화된 법. treatment 치료법. priority review 심사우선권.
hundreds of millions of 수억의.

B. 구문
- It's a fantastic way . . . improve even more lives.
cf. so they→ so that they 그래서 ...하게 된다.
[그것(심사우선권)은 정부가 이미 제공하는 원조를 넘어서 시장의 힘을 이끌어서 보다 더 많은 사람들의 삶을 개선하기 위한 대단히 좋은 방법이다.]

45-8-194
Of course, governments in developing countries have to do a lot to foster capitalism themselves. They must pass laws and make regulations that let markets flourish, bringing the benefits of economic growth to more people. In fact, that's another argument I've heard against creative capitalism: 'We don't need to make capitalism more creative. We just need governments to stop interfering with it.' There is something to this. Many countries could spark more business investment both within their borders and from the outside if they did more to guarantee property rights, cut red tape and so on. But these changes come slowly. In the meantime, we can't wait. As a businessman, I've seen that companies can tap new markets right now, even if conditions aren't ideal. And as a philanthropist, I've found that our caring for others compels us to help people right now. The longer we wait, the more people suffer needlessly.

The Next Step
In June, I moved out of my day-to-day role at Microsoft to spend more time on the work of the Bill &Melinda Gates Foundation. I'll be talking with political leaders about how their governments can increase aid for the poor, make it more effective and bring in new partners through creative capitalism. I'll also talk with CEOs about what their companies can do. One idea is to dedicate a percentage of their top innovators' time to issues that affect the people who have been left behind. This kind of contribution takes the brainpower that makes life better for the richest and dedicates some of it to improving the lives of everyone else. Some pharmaceutical companies, like Merck and GlaxoSmithKline, are already doing this. The Japanese company Sumitomo Chemical shared some of its technology with a Tanzanian textile company, helping it produce millions of bed nets, which are crucial tools in the fight to eradicate malaria. Other companies are doing the same in food, cell phones and banking.

A. 어휘
foster 양육하다. regulation 規定(규정). flourish 번창하다. argument 논거, 토의.
interfere 간섭하다, 방해하다, 충돌하다. border 국경. guarantee 보증하다.
property rights 재산권. red tape 관료주의, [관청의] 비능률.
in the mean time 그 동안에. tap 개발하다, 장삿길을 열다.
our caring for others 다른 사람들(가난한 나라 사람들)에 대한 우리의 관심.
Melinda 빌 게이츠의 부인. dedicate 헌신하다. innovator 개혁자, 혁신자.
issue 문제. contribution 기여, 助力(조력), 공헌. dedicate 헌신하다. textile 織物(직물).
bed net 침대모기장. crucial 아주 중대한, 결정적인. eradicate 근절하다, 박멸하다.

B. 구문
- Many countries could spark . . . red tape and so on.
cf. 가정법과거구문: could spark귀결절, if they did조건절
[재산권을 보장하고 관료주의 등을 청산하기 위해서 더 많은 일을 한다면 많은 나라들은 국내와 외국으로부터 더 많은 투자를 促發(촉발)시킬 수 있을 것이다]