57-11-264
What goes for cheating goes for other bad behaviour, up to and including the murder of relatives and friends. Moreover, if publicly observed, punishment sends the same message to those who might be considering a similar course of action.
It is therefore one of the marvels of civilisation that punishment and revenge have, for the most part, been institutionalised. But to be successful, the institutionalised punishment has to be seen as a proper outcome by the individuals who were harmed. Otherwise, they might mete out their own revenge. That may worry those who believe that reforming the criminal should be the main goal of sentencing policy. If people no longer believe that the punishment fits the crime, a Darwinian would predict that they will stop supporting the criminal-justice system.
Even deterrence, however, does not always work. On the face of things, capital punishment ought to be the ultimate deterrent. But it does not seem to be. Satoshi Kanazawa, an evolutionary psychologist at the London School of Economics, suggests that this is further evidence of the reproduction-related nature of murder. Since failure to reproduce is a Darwinian dead-end anyway, risking death to avoid that fateor, rather, being impelled to do so in the heat of the moment by an evolved instinctis not as stupid as it looks. Some sorts of murder might be discouraged by the threat of the noose or the needle. But not the most common sort: young man on young man over status and sex.

A. 어휘
up to 까지. marvel 놀랄만한 일, 不可思議(불가사의)한 일, 驚異(경이).
institutionalize 제도화하다. mete out (상, 벌)을 주다, 배분하다.
reform 改心(개심)시키다, 敎化(교화)하다. sentencing policy 형벌정책.
criminal-justice system 형사재판제도. deterrence 抑制(억제), 防止(방지).
capital punishment 사형제도. dead-end 막다름, 막다른 곳. impel 강요하다.
in the heat of (토론, 싸움) 한창일 때. noose 교수형, 올가미.
needle 사형수를 처형할 때 사용하는 주사.

B. 구문
- if publicly observed
cf. if it is publicly observed
[공적으로 집행한다면.]
- Since failure to reproduce is . . . as stupid as it looks.
[생식의 실패(자손을 퍼뜨리지 못하는 것)는 다윈적인 막다른 골목이기 때문에, 그런 운명을 피하기 위해 죽음을 무릅쓰는 것혹은 진화된 본능의 욕구가 한창 때 오히려 그렇게 하도록 강요당하는 것은 겉으로 보기만 큼 그렇게 어리석은 짓은 아니다.]
- But not the most common . . . status and sex.
[그러나 가장 흔한 종류의 살인 즉 지위와 섹스를 놓고 젊은이가 젊은이를 죽이는 것은 교수형이나 약물주입의 처형으로 억제되지는 않는다. ]

57-12-265
A woman's place
Crime, then, is one field in which women are unequal with men. That does not bother feminists, but perhaps it should. For it might reflect a wider truth which those who believe that the sexes should not merely have equal rights but enjoy equal outcomes will find uncomfortable.
When outcomes are unequal in socially acceptable areas of behaviour, such as employment, it is often interpreted as a sign of discrimination. But people who draw this conclusion rarely consider that the discrimination in question might actually be being exercised by the supposedly disadvantaged women themselves.
A classic example is income. Women earn less than men. Or do they? In fact, younger women do not, or not much. A recent report by the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), a British think-tank, found that British women aged between 22 and 29 who were in full-time employment earned only 1% less than their male counterparts. This age group corresponds for many women to the period when they are single. Once they have found the best available mate, the calculation changes: a woman no longer needs to show off.

A. 어휘
unequal 같지 않은, 불공평한. reflect 반영하다. the sexes 남녀.
acceptable 수락할 수 있는, 좋은. interpret 해석하다. discrimination 차별.
excercise 집행하다. supposedly 아마도. disadvantaged 불리한 조건에 놓인.
the supposedly disadvantaged women 불리하게 취급당하고 있다고 생각되는 여인들.
classic 전형적인, 일류의, 古典(고전)의. think-tank 연구소, 두뇌집단.
counterpart 상대방, 한 쌍의 한쪽. correspond . . . to 해당하다, 相應(상응)하다.
available 유력한, 유효한, 쓸모 있는, 이용할 수 있는.