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In that context, it is less of a surprise that older women are out-earned by their male contemporaries. One reason is that they now care less about the size of their earnings. Of the top 25 ideal employers, as chosen by women, the IEA found that 12 were in the public or voluntary sectorsareas where salaries for equivalent work tend to be lower than in the private sector, though job security is higher and job satisfaction is often believed to be greater. For men, only four employers were in this category. The other reason, of course, is that women usually look after the children. Indeed, the study by Dr Nettle and Dr Pollet which found that reproductive success correlates with men's income, also points out that with women the correlation is inverted. But the IEA study also found that it is women themselves who are taking the decisions about child care. It reports that two-thirds of the women who had not already had a 'career break', as it is euphemistically known, planned to take one at some point in the future. Less than an eighth of men had similar aspirations. That, too, would be predicted by a Darwinist.
Although there is a strong argument for making working conditions more sympathetic to the needs of parents of both sexes, the underlying point is that many womenand certainly many women with childrendo not care as much about striving ahead in their careers as men do. Men, the report found, are more motivated by pay and less by job satisfaction than women are. If managers, they are more likely to work long hours. They also take more risksor, at least, are more frequently injured at work.

A. 어휘
context 맥락, 情況(정황). less of a surprise 놀랄 일이 아니다.
out-earn 수입이 더 많다. contemporary 같은 나이의 사람, 동시대인, 동기생.
voluntary 자발적인, 自願(자원)의. sector 분야. equivalent work 동등한 업무(일).
security 保證(보증), 안보, 안전. category 부문, 範疇(범주). correlate 상관관계가 있다.
invert 반대로 하다, 거꾸로 하다. career break 휴직.
euphemistically 婉曲語法(완곡어법)으로, 넌지시 둘러서 말하는. aspiration 열망, 포부. strive ahead 분투해서 앞으로 나아가다. motivate 동기를 부여하다.

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The consequence, as Len Shackleton, the IEA report's main author, puts it, is that: 'The widespread belief that the gender pay gap is a reflection of deep-rooted discrimination by employers is ill-informed and an unhelpful contribution to the debate. The pay gap is falling but is also a reflection of individuals' lifestyle preferences. Government can't regulate or legislate these away, and shouldn't try to.' He failed to add, however, that these preferences are often the result of biological differences between the sexes.
What goes for pay probably goes for career choice as well. At one extreme, it is foolish, as Kingsley Browne of Wayne State University, in Michigan, suggests, to expect equal outcomes in organisations like the armed forces. Not only are men stronger and more aggressive but, Mr Browne suggests, the psychology of both sexes has evolved to trust men (and not trust women) in combat, precisely because of this aggression and strength. At the other end of the scale, it is probably an opposite mixture of evolved aptitudes and attitudes that causes the domination by females of professions such as nursing.
This is not to say there can be no good female soldiers or male nurses. Patently, there can. But it is not clear evidence of discrimination that they are rarer than their counterparts of the opposite sex. A Darwinian analysis of the matter cannot say where the equilibrium would lie in a world free from discrimination. But it can say with reasonable confidence that this equilibrium will often not be 50/50.

A. 어휘
put it 언급하다. gender 性(성). gender pay gap 남녀봉급차이. reflection 반영.
contribution 기여, 공헌. preference 좋아함, 선호.
regulate...away 規制(규제)하여서 제거하다. legislate...away 법률을 제정하여 제거하다.
go for 간주되다, 생각되다. extreme 극단. the armed forces 軍(군).
aggressive 공격적인. precisely 정확히. opposite 반대쪽의. mixture 혼합.
aptitude 적성. domination 우세, 우월, 지배. patently 명백히. equilibrium 평형.

B. 구문
- At the other end of the scale
[척도(공격성)의 다른 쪽 끝(공격성이 가장 낮은 지점)]
- But it is not clear evidence . . . of the opposite sex.
[異性(이성)의 상대방보다 그들의 수(군인이나 간호원)가 더 적다는 것이 성차별의 증거는 아니다.]
- where the equilibrium . . . free from discrimination.
[성차별이 없는 세상에서 그 평형의 점(남녀의 수가 균형을 이루는 점)이 어디가 될는지는]