69-3-327
Fremeaux and her team did not study behavioral interventions, like programs that reward kids with videogame time if they play an hour of soccer. But her data does suggest that kids have what she calls an activity 'set point' an energy-expenditure baseline to which, over time, they will naturally revert. Despite the fact that they got roughly the same amount of exercise, the kids in the study varied widely in their metabolic health (measured through cholesterol and triglyceride levels) factors that contribute to later risks of heart disease but those differences appeared to owe largely to their diets, not their physical-activity levels.
Evolution is likely at work here. 'If you think about how we as a species maintain body mass, you would think that nature would probably not have left the only modifiable component of energy expenditure to chance,' says Fremeaux. Rather, evolution probably programs much of our willingness to be active. Sure, some people change their lives and become marathoners at age 50. But most of us don't. Our children are no different: whether they get P.E. or not, their bodies 'know' how much they want to move.

A. 어휘
behavioral 행동의. intervention 간섭. reward 보상하다, 보답하다.
set point (정구)세트의 승패를 결정하는 1 점. expenditure 지출, 비용, 경비.
baseline (삼각측량의)基線(기선). over time 반복해서.
revert to (처음으로)되돌아 가다, 복귀하다. despite ...에도 불구하고.
roughly 대략. the same amount of exercise 동일한 운동량. vary 다양하다.
metabolic 新陳代謝(신진대사)의. measure 측정하다.
triglyceride . 글리세린과 3분자의 지방산이 에스테르와 결합한 화합물.
factor 因子(인자), 유전인자, 요인. contribute to 기여하다.
owe to ...에 신세를 지고 있다, ...덕택이다, ...때문이다. evolution 진화.
species 種(종). maintain 유지하다.
body mass 체중. cf. body mass index(BMI) 신체질량지수.
modifiable 변경할 수 있는. component 성분, 구성요소. willingness 자진해서 하기.

B. 구문
- nature would probably not have left . . . energy expenditure to chance
[자연은 아마도 에너지 지출의 유일한 수정가능구성요소(체중조절장치)를 우연에만 맡기지는 않았을 것이다(인간이 적정체중을 유지하도록 하기 위해 자연은 일정량의 운동을 하도록 인간을 진화 시켰을 것이다).]

69-4-328
Another recent study, also from England, offers support for the set-point thesis. The second research team, based at the University of Exeter, also had a group of kids (this time, 47 boys ages 8 to 10) wear ActiGraphs. The data revealed that very few of the kids fewer than 15% sustained any burst of moderate-to-vigorous exercise lasting even five minutes, the kind you would get playing a soccer game in a P.E. class, for instance. And yet those kids were no healthier (as measured by waist size, aerobic fitness and microvascular function) than the kids who moved around the way boys normally do running, jumping and throwing balls in very short bursts over long periods. (Truly sedentary boys, on the other hand, are less healthy.) The authors of the study, published in the International Journal of Pediatric Obesity, conclude that kids should be encouraged to go out and play, but not necessarily be forced into regular P.E. or onto a sports team.
The new research comports with a growing body of data saying that exercise by itself has far less to do with your body mass than you think. In short, it's the calories, stupid. You can exercise all you want, which will surely make you healthier reducing your risk of heart disease, diabetes and dementia, for instance but unless you eat better, or less, it may do nothing to make you thin. All that money we have spent to get kids into P.E. might be better spent helping schools to serve fresh fruits and vegetables at lunch instead of tater tots.

A. 어휘
offer 제공하다. thesis 논문, 命題(명제). reveal (감추어 진 것을) 알리다, 폭로하다.
sustain 지탱하다, 유지하다. burst 갑작스런 활동, 奮起(분기), 폭발.
moderate 온건한. vigorous 힘찬, 활기찬.
moderate-to-vigorous exercise 가벼운 운동에서 힘찬 운동까지. last지속되다.
waist size 허리둘레. aerobic 신체의 산소소비량을 증대하는. fitness 적절성.
aerobic fitness 순환-호흡기능의 적절성. vascular 도관(혈관)의.
microvascular 微細血管(미세혈관)의. function 기능.
sedentary 늘 앉아 있는. Pediatric Obesity 小兒肥滿(소아비만). cf. pediatric 소아과의.
regular 正規的(정규적)인. comport with 어울리다, 조화를 이루다.
a growing body of data 늘어나고 있는 양의 자료. have to do with ...와 관계가 있다.
far less 훨씬 더 적은. reduce 감소시키다. diabetes 당뇨병. dementia 癡呆(치매).
tater tots. 감자요리의 일종. tater 감자. tot 어린애, 한 모금.

B. 구문
- very few of the kids . . . lasting even five minutes
[15%보다 적은 매우 소수의 아이들만이 5분 정도 지속되는 운동(가벼운 운동에서 격렬한 운동까지)활동을 유지하였다.]
- In short, it's the calories, stupid.
[간단히 말해서, (체중과 관련되는 것은) 운동이 아니고 섭취하는 칼로리의 양이다. 멍청하기는!]