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Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. 'These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren't considered gifted and talented. [They] destroy their confidence,' says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children's academic performance. Howard and other educators say it's important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. 'The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions,' says Michael Nakkula, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF (Inventing the Future), which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.

A. 어휘
expert 전문가. emphasis 강조. testing 評價(평가). rigid 엄격한. separation 분리.
bear blame for ...에 대해서 비난을 받을 만하다.
disappearance of drive 성취의욕의 상실. shut down 폐쇄하다.
motivation 動機附輿(동기부여). gifted 천부의 재능이 있는, 머리가 아주 좋은.
talented 재능이 있는. president 회장. efficacy 능력, 효능, 효력.
institute 협회, 학회, 연구소. organization 기구. school district 학구.
academic performance 학업성적. expose 노출시키다. volunteer work 자원봉사활동.
hobby 취미. extracurricular activities 특별활동, 과외활동. crux가장 중요한 점. irrelevant 관계없는. mentor 현명하고 성실한 조언자, 조언하다.
low-income 저소득. underachiever 학습부진아. aspiration 열망, 抱負(포부).
aim higher 목표를 보다 높이 두다. disabuse... of 어리석은 편견에서 벗어나게 하다.
notion 생각, 일반개념. classwork 학교공부, 수업.
fulfill their dreams 꿈을 이루다. fulfill 충족시키다.

B. 구문
- to get low-income underachievers . . . their aspirations.
[저소득층 학습부진아로 하여금 그들의 내부에 있는 열망(포부)과 접촉할 수 있도록 하기 위하여]