75-3-361
You write about the importance of play and how it's not valued to the degree it should be.
Right. It's so counterintuitive. Play builds brains and gives children the ability to impose self-control and creates within brain circuitry the ability to pay attention. When you look at kids playing, adults see it as a waste of time. They have no clue what play does. Vigorous social play stimulates the growth of brain cells in the executive portion of the brain in the frontal cortex, and that lays the foundation for the circuitry of self-regulation, which is what you need to pay attention when you're at school. I'll just give you a very, very clear little example. We're talking about free play, not play that's monitored by adults. Because we know that when the adults are near kids, kids change what they talk about and change the content of their play. We've known that for a long time. But just picture two little kids in free play. They're inventing what they're going to do. Okay, we're going to play house. You're going to be the doggie and I'm going to be the mommy. So these kids, what are they doing? They're creating the rules that they then agree to subordinate their impulses to. I mean, that's extraordinarily powerful. But that doesn't hit you in the face when you see kids playing. It looks like, oh, we could use this time for workbook work.

A. 어휘
value 가치를 매기다. the importance of play 놀이의 중요성.
counterintuitive 直觀(직관)에 어긋나는. impose 부여하다, 강요하다, 부과하다. circuitry 回路(회로). adult 成人(성인). clue 실마리, 端緖(단서).
have no clue 전혀 이해 못하다. vigorous 활발한, 기운찬.
social play 사교적인 놀이. stimulate 자극하다.
the executive portion 집행 담당부분. frontal cortex 前頭部皮質(전두부피질).
lay-laid-laid 놓다. foundation 기초. self-regulation 自律(자율), 자동조절.
monitor 감시하다, 엿듣다. content 내용. picture 상상하다. doggie 강아지.
subordinate 복종시키다, 종속시키다. impulse 충동. extraordinarily 비상하게, 엄청나게.
workbook (학습용의) 연습장, 規準書(규준서).

B. 구문
- You write about the importance . . . the degree it should be.
[귀하는 놀이의 중요성과 놀이의 가치가 어떻게 해서 그 중요성만큼 평가되지 않는 것에 대해서 말하셨습니다.]
- It looks like, oh, we could use this time for workbook work.
cf. could use→can not use 〈 가정법 과거(현재사실의 반대를 가정)〉
[아이구, 이 시간(놀고 있는 시간)을 숙제하는 데 사용할 수 있으면 좋을 텐데.]

75-4-362
Are parents over-involved in kids' sports?
Oh, absolutely. There is enormous difficulty of getting referees these days. Referees, especially in youth sports, are either paid minimally or are not paid at all. It's something they've done for the love of the sport. I wrote a piece about this, and the referee organization contacted me. They can't get referees because the referees now have to put up with the abuse of the parents and they just don't want to do it. It's not worth it to them. Parents push their kids to the point of... abuse. You have eight-year-old kids who have injuries that grown athletes, professional athletes don't get until their thirties or forties. Overuse injuries, repetitive strain injuries. That's a clear reflection of parental pushing of kids, and it's so wrong for so many reasons. Kids' bodies can't support that. Their bones are growing. It's the adult values, the adult psychological needs that are being met, not the kids' developmental needs.

There was recently an outcry in New York City when a journalist wrote about letting her son go on the subway at nine years old. What's your opinion about that?
You know, the kid was giving every sign in the world that he was ready. Here's the thing: What's the goal of raising kids? It's to produce an independent, autonomous adult, right? It doesn't happen overnight. There's a long march towards independence, and it begins at birth. Parents have to continually let out the leash. You quietly from the sidelines monitor your kids, see whether they're ready for the next step. That kid was giving every sign that he was ready for the next step.

A. 어휘
over-involved 지나치게 관여하다. absolutely 절대적으로, 완전히.
enormous 엄청난. referee 심판. minimally 극히 적게, 최소로. piece 글, 예술작품.
put up with 참고 견디다. abuse 욕설, 모욕, 남용, 학대. injury 負傷(부상).
overuse 酷使(혹사), 남용. repetitive 반복적인. strain 긴장, 過勞(과로), 激務(격무).
reflection 반사, 반영. meet 충족시키다. developmental needs 발달욕구.
outcry 강한 항의, 悲鳴(비명). independence 독립. continually 끊임없이.
let out 해방하다, 석방하다, 자유롭게 해주다. (개 따위를 매워두는) 가죽 끈.

B. 구문
- It's the adult values, . . . not the kids' developmental needs.
[충족되는 것은 어른들의 가치와 어른들의 심리적 욕구이지 아이들의 발달욕구는 아니다.]