Omar Bongo ¨ç

Omar Bongo Ondimba, president of Gabon, died on June 8th, aged 73
Obituary
80. Omar Bongo
Jun 18th 2009 From The Economist print edition

Omar Bongo Ondimba, president of Gabon, died on June 8th, aged 73

80-1-379

ON THE Atlantic coast of Gabon, white sand beaches slope out into the ocean. That sand, in which few tourists leave their footprints, was Omar Bongo's. Elephants and buffalo stroll down to the water, and leatherback turtles make their nests: his elephants, his buffalo, his turtles. Oil rigs and gas flares punctuate the horizon: his oil, 3.2 billion barrels in proven reserves. Eastwards, the silver carriages of the world's most expensive railway rattle five times a week through his hardwood forests between Libreville, the capital, and Franceville, in his homeland, carrying loads of his manganese or piled high with his okoume and ozigo logs, bound mostly for China.
Mr Bongo made no distinction between Gabon and his private property. He had ruled there so long, 42 years, that they had become one. It was therefore perfectly natural that an oil company, granted a large concession for coastal drilling, should slip him regular suitcases stuffed with cash. It was natural that $2.6m in aid money should be used to decorate his private jet, that government funds should pay for the Italian marble cladding his palace, and that his wife Edith's sea-blue Maybach, in which she was driven round Paris, should be paid for with a cheque drawn on the Gabonese treasury. Of the $130m in his personal accounts at Citibank in New York, it was probablethough Citibank never asked, and nobody ever managed to pin a charge on himthat much of it was derived from the GDP of his country.

A. ¾îÈÖ
obituary »ç¸Á±â»ç. slope °æ»çÁö´Ù. buffalo ¹°¼Ò, µé¼Ò. stroll ÇѰ¡·Ó°Ô °Å´Ò´Ù.
leatherback turtles Àå¼ö°ÅºÏ[æðÓáß§(¿­´ë»ê) ¹Ù´Ù°ÅºÏ]. oil rigs ¼®À¯ óõÏÞ(ä±¼)Àåºñ.
flare ³Ê¿ï°Å¸®´Â ºÒ²É. punctuate Ï£ÔæïÇ(±¸µÎÁ¡)À» Âï´Ù, °­Á¶ÇÏ´Ù.
horizon ¼öÆò¼±. proven reserves Áõ¸íµÈ ¸ÅÀå·®. silver carriages Àººû ¿­Â÷.
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loads of ¸¹Àº. load Áü, îÝùÃ(ÀûÇÏ). pile ½×¾Æ ¿Ã¸®´Ù. bound for ...ú¼(Çà)ÀÇ.
distinction ±¸º°. private property °³ÀÎÀç»ê. rule Áö¹èÇÏ´Ù, ÅëÄ¡ÇÏ´Ù.
perfectly ¿ÏÀüÈ÷. grant ½Â³«ÇÏ´Ù, ù»Þô(ÇÏ»ç)ÇÏ´Ù.
concession óõÏÞÏí(ä±¼±Ç), Ư±Ç, ¸éÇã, Çã¿ë, ¾çº¸.
coastal drilling æÍäÍ(¿¬¾È) ä±¼. slip »ì¦ Áã¾î ÁÖ´Ù.
regular ïÒÑ¢îÜ(Á¤±âÀû)ÀÎ, ±ÔÄ¢ÀûÀÎ, ÀÏ»óÀÇ.
suitcases stuffed with cash Çö±ÝÀ¸·Î ä¿öÁø °¡¹æ. stuff ¼ÓÀ» ä¿ì´Ù, ÚÎð²(¹ÚÁ¦)ÇÏ´Ù.
decorate Àå½ÄÇÏ´Ù. government funds Á¤ºÎÀÇ µ·(ÀÚ±Ý). marble ´ë¸®¼®.
clad-clad-clad Ô£ÑÑ(µµ±Ý)ÇÏ´Ù. palace ±ÃÀü. Maybach µ¶ÀÏÁ¦ °í±Þ ½Â¿ëÂ÷.
draw ÀÎÃâÇÏ´Ù. treasury ÏÐÍ·(±¹°í), î¯Ùâàý(À繫¼º). account ͪñ¨(°èÁÂ).
pin on Ã¥ÀÓ(ÁË)À» ¾º¿ì´Ù. pin a charge on °í¹ßÇÏ´Ù. derive ²ø¾î³»´Ù, ÆÄ»ýÇÏ´Ù.

B. ±¸¹®
- carrying loads of his manganese . . . bound mostly for China.
cf. piled¡æbeing piled
[´ëºÎºÐ Áß±¹À¸·Î °¡´Â ´Ù·®ÀÇ ¸Á°£À» ÀûÀçÇϰí Àְųª ¾Æ´Ï¸é okoume ¿Í ozigo Å볪¹«°¡ ³ôÀÌ ½×¿© ÀÖ´Â ]
- Mr Bongo made no distinction . . . they had become one.
[Bongo ´ëÅë·ÉÀº ±×ÀÇ ³ª¶ó °¡ºÀ°ú ±×ÀÇ °³ÀÎ Àç»êÀ» ±¸º°ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Çϳª·Î »ý°¢ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×´Â ³Ê¹« ¿À·¡ µ¿¾È(42³â) °¡ºÀ¿¡¼­ ÅëÄ¡ÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °¡ºÀ°ú ±×ÀÇ Àç»êÀº Çϳª·Î ÅëÇÕµÇ¾î ¹ö·È´Ù.]
- the Italian marble cladding his palace
[±×ÀÇ ±ÃÀüÀ» µ¤°í ÀÖ´Â ÀÌŸ® ´ë¸®¼®]

80-2-380
The suggestion of fiddling public finances flummoxed and infuriated him. Corruption, he once explained to a reporter, was not an African word. No more was nepotism: he simply looked after his family, supplying them with villas in Nice as well as the ministries of defence and foreign affairs. When French judges in 2009 froze nine of his 70 bank accounts, he was outraged. An attack on him was obviously an attempt to destabilise his country. He was equally indignant when in 2004, after a "Miss Humanity" pageant was held in Libreville, Miss Peru charged him with sexual harassment for summoning her to the palace and, he hoped, to his nifty behind-the-panelling bed. If something was in Gabon, by nature or chance, he evidemment had first dibs on it.
France, the ex-colonial power in Gabon, went along with this. Mr Bongo, though short, was every inch a Francophile, from his platform heels through the immaculate tailoring to his gravelly-but-grammatical French. Their bargain, too, was a neat one. He allowed the French to take his oil and wood they subsidised and protected him. At various times through his long political career, when opposition elements got brash or multi-party democracy, which he allowed after 1993, became too lively, the French military base in Libreville would turn out the paratroopers for him.

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fiddle ¼ÓÀÌ´Ù, ÇãºñÇÏ´Ù, ¹ÙÀ̿ø°. public finances ÍëÑÑ(°ø±Ý).
flummox ¾ó¶³¶³ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù, ´çȲÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù. infuriate Ì­ÝÈ(°ÝºÐ)½ÃŰ´Ù.
corruption ºÎÆÐ. nepotism æÞͺíº(¿¬°íÀÚ) ÔôéÄ(µî¿ë). looked after º¸»ìÆì ÁÖ´Ù.
the ministries of defence and foreign affairs ¿Ü¹«ºÎ¿Í ±¹¹æºÎ.
freeze-froze-frozen ÔÐÌ¿(µ¿°á)½ÃŰ´Ù. bank accounts ÀºÇà°èÁÂ. outrage °Ý³ëÇÏ´Ù.
obviously ºÐ¸íÈ÷. destabilise ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù. equally °°Àº Á¤µµ·Î, µ¿µîÇϰÔ.
indignant °ÝºÐÇÑ. humanity Àΰ£´Ù¿ò, Àΰ£¼º, Àηù.
pageant ÆÛ·¹À̵å, ¾ß¿Ü±Ø, °¡ÀåÇà·Ä, ±¸°æ°Å¸®. sexual harassment ¼ºÈñ·Õ.
summon ¼ÒȯÇÏ´Ù. palace ´ëÅë·É±Ã, ¿Õ±Ã. nifty ¸Úµé¾îÁø. panelling Àå½ÄÆÇÀÚ.
behind-the-panelling bed Àå½Ä º® µÚ¿¡ Àִ ħ´ë. evidemment ´ç¿¬È÷, ¹°·Ð.
dibs ¿ä±¸, û±¸±Ç, µ·, Àܵ·. ex-colonial power îñ ½Ä¹ÎÁö °­±¹.
go along with µ¿ÇàÇÏ´Ù. though short=though he was short Ű´Â ÀÛ¾ÒÁö¸¸.
Francophile öÑ(Ä£) ÇÁ¶û½ºÁÖÀÇÀÚ.
platform heels Ç÷§Æû ½´Áî(±¸µÎ ¾Õ ºÎºÐ¿¡ µµÅèÇÑ ±ÁÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ½ºÅ¸ÀÏ).
immaculate Ƽ Çϳª ¾øÀÌ ±ú²ýÇÑ, ¼ø°áÇÑ. tailoring ¾çº¹ Áþ´Â ¹ý.
gravelly ÀÚ°¥ÀÌ ¸¹Àº. ±Í¿¡ ±×½½¸®´Â. bargain °Å·¡, ¸Å¸Å°è¾à. neat ±ò²ûÇÑ, ´ÜÁ¤ÇÑ.
subsidise º¸Á¶±ÝÀ» ÁÖ´Ù. opposition ¹Ý´ë, ¾ß´ç. elements ÆøÇ³¿ì, ÀÚ¿¬·Â, ¿ä¼Ò.
brash ¼º±ÞÇÑ, °Ç¹æÁø. turn out õóÔÑ(Ã⵿)ÇÏ´Ù. paratrooper °ø¼öºÎ´ë.

B. ±¸¹®
- Corruption, he once explained . . . No more was nepotism.
[ÇѹøÀº ±×´Â ¾î¶² ±âÀÚ¿¡°Ô ºÎÆÐ¶ó´Â ´Ü¾î´Â ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ ¸»ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù.
¿¬°íÀÚµî¿ëÀ̶ó´Â ¸»µµ ¾ÆÇÁ¸®Ä«ÀÇ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù.]
- when opposition elements got brash
[¾ß´çÀÇ ÈûÀÌ ³Ê¹« °Å¼¿ ¶§´Â]
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